1,720,967 research outputs found
Capturing the spatial and temporal variability of urban noise: do low-cost sensors offer a step towards higher resolution noise monitoring?
No full textPopulations are being exposed to environmental noise at levels that impact on both mental and physical health, with knock-on effects on productivity and economic performance. Current assessments of exposure are often based on noise levels at building façades, derived from sound propagation models and are usually limited to long-term average noise levels for periods of the day, night or over 24 hours (e.g. Lden). There is a particular lack of information on variations in noise throughout the diurnal cycle and over long time periods. In this study, we deployed 14 low-cost recorders to gather high resolution data on urban noise levels and compared results with those from a conventional noise propagation algorithm. Daily LAeq and diurnal variations in hourly LAeq showed considerable variation in space and time with the middle of the day generally noisiest. Some of these patterns were well captured by the propagation model although it tended to underestimate noise levels from all sources. Although more work is needed, we suggest that well-placed sensors have the potential to enhance exposure assessments e.g. on minor roads and where traffic is not the major noise sourc
Geostatistical modelling of health inequalities associated with exposure to road-transport emissions
Get PDFRoad-transport accounts for a substantial proportion of the air quality objective pollutants experienced within the post-industrial cityscape. Traditionally, investigations have quantified the temporal health effects of such pollutants, yet the confined nature of European intraurban
environments often determine spatial variations in traffic pollutant levels, which tend to be associated with a plethora of social disparities. Recently, elements of spatial heterogeneity have attracted the attention of governmental advisory committees, whom acknowledge a
limited understanding of spatially inclusive practices in-spite of their potentially valuable applications (COMEAP 2006). Through considering spatial variations in children’s respiratory health, across the model British multicultural City of Leicester (Vidal-Hall 2003), this project
aimed to address the inadequacies of temporal models in capturing Pearce et al’s (2010) wider ‘triple jeopardy’.
The projects findings indicated significant global relationships to exist between children’s hospitalisations, social-economic-status, ethnic minorities, and PM10 road-transport emissions within Leicester. ‘Local Indicators of Spatial Association’ and ‘Geographically Weighted Regression’ identified important localised variations within the dataset, specifically relating to a ‘double-burden’ of residentially experienced road-transport emissions and deprivation effecting inner-city children’s respiratory health. Further examination of the spatial
field’s, revealed critical distance-responses to exist between respiratory health fronts and select socio-environmental phenomenon, thus recognising the importance of exposure gradients found in the every-day environment.
It was suggested that exposure to detrimental socio-environmental factors initiated upper respiratory episodes, with prolonged contact impeding recovery leaving the child
vulnerable to infection, exacerbating previous complaints and potentially causing conditions of greater severity. These findings provide a preliminary link between extreme cases of ‘Catarrhal Child Syndrome’ and socio-environmental influences, a conclusion previously eluding medical
practitioners. Interestingly, affluent intra-urban communities tended to contribute the highest levels of emission from private transport, whilst residentially experiencing few environmental burdens. Thus, indicating that environmental injustices prevail across the model British multicultural city of Leicester. To readdress such environmental imbalances, the project suggested and explored a selection of general and community tailored transport schemes. In conclusion, geostatistical approaches are viewed to be an effective set of tools for health and
urban planners, in the management of localised issues, which have previously been ‘filtered’ out by temporal practices
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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