56 research outputs found
1776 and all that : an ANU Convocation luncheon address given on 28 April 1976 by Dr Hector Kinloch
No full textProfessor Elliott starts with a general welcome to the official guests and then the Chairman, Professor Bob Brissenden introduces the speaker - Dr Kinloch. Dr Kinloch starts by talking about a colleague of his who will be going on a study tour to America; he then goes on to talk about the author Richard Armour, who wrote a history of America titled 'It all started with Columbus'; then describes some of the more irreverently funny bicentennial preparations going on in America - including the creation of a bicentennial bad-taste award; also talks about what he hopes the bicentennial will achieve; in particular the reconsideration of America's national ideals; lists what he feels were those ideals and speaks about whether or not he feels in his opinion that the American Revolution was a good idea; examines and discusses several positive and negative aspects of this question. Dr Kinloch continues to look at the question of whether or not the American Revolution was a good idea; his examination of the modern day American's belief that King George III was a tyrant, and whether or not this view was justified; looks at aristocracy and privilege in modern day America and at the American form of government. Dr Kinloch concludes his address. He is then thanked by the Chairman of Convocation and asked questions from the audience. The first question is inaudible. The second question deals with the present state and future prospects of the egalitarian society of the United States. Other questions concern such subjects at whether or not other British colonies such as Australia or Canada would have achieved their ideals in a peaceful way if it had not been for the American Revolution achieving them first in a violent way and some of the parallels between the American and Australian way of thinking and acting and why this should be so as Australia did not have a war of independence
Reinforcer magnitude and demand under fixed-ratio schedules with domestic hens
No full textThis study compared three methods of normalizing demand functions to allow comparison of demand for different commodities and examined how varying reinforcer magnitudes affected these analyses. Hens responded under fixed-ratio schedules in 40-min sessions with response requirement doubling each session and with 2-s, 8-s, and 12-s access to wheat. Over the smaller fixed ratios overall response rates generally increased and were higher the shorter the magazine duration. The logarithms of the number of reinforcers obtained (consumption) and the fixed ratio (price) were well fitted by curvilinear demand functions (Hursh et al., 1988. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 50, 419–440) that were inelastic (b negative) over small fixed-ratios. The fixed ratio with maximal response rate (Pmax) increased, and the rate of change of elasticity (a) and initial consumption (L) decreased with increased magazine duration. Normalizing consumption using measures of preference for various magazine durations (3-s vs. 3-s, 2-s vs. 8-s, and 2-s vs. 12-s), obtained using concurrent schedules, gave useful results as it removed the differences in L. Normalizing consumption and price (Hursh and Winger, 1995. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 64, 373–384) unified the data functions as intended by that analysis. The exponential function (Hursh and Silberberg, 2008. Psychological Review, 115, 186–198) gave an essential value that increased (i.e., α decreased significantly) as magazine duration decreased. This was not as predicted, since α should be constant over variations in magazine duration, but is similar to previous findings using a similar procedure with different food qualities (hens) and food quantities (rats)
Extinction-induced variability in human behaviour
No full textThese results [of five experiments] add to the small number of studies showing increased variability in extinction for human behavior, and also show that the degree of effect could be due to reinforcement history and the instructional specificit
Stimulus Equivalence: A Comparison of Operant and Associative Procedures
No full textPrevious studies comparing the effectiveness of the stimulus-pairing-observation and matching-to-sample procedures in facilitating the formation of equivalence relations have had conflicting findings. In an attempt to clarify the reasons for this, Experiment 1 replicated one of the experiments from Leader and Barnes-Holmes (2001b) but with the Chinese characters used by Clayton and Hayes (2004) as stimuli. The adult participants completed both the stimulus-pairing-observation and matching-to-sample procedures. Neither procedure was found to be more effective than the other, with few of the participants demonstrating equivalence after either procedure. Due to the failure of most participants to demonstrate equivalence, Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 but with the original nonsense syllables used by Leader and Barnes-Holmes (2001b). Equivalence was not demonstrated by any of the participants in Experiment 2. Therefore, the failures in Experiment 1 were not the result of the stimuli used. The use of the same stimuli in conflicting relations was identified as the most likely cause. Experiment 3 addressed this by using different nonsense syllables with each procedure. This resulted in greater accuracy on both the symmetry and equivalence tests compared to the earlier experiments; however, none of the participants demonstrated equivalence, and the procedures did not differ in their effectiveness. In Experiments 4 to 6 participants experienced either the stimulus-pairing observation or matching-to-sample procedures. These three experiments examined the effect of instructional specificity, stimulus arrangement, and the number of training trials on the effectiveness of these two procedures. Experiment 4 found that instructions which outlined the task required more specifically increase the effectiveness of both procedures marginally, and that a larger number of training and testing cycles (compared to e 1-3) did not aid in the development of equivalence. Experiment 5 examined the effectiveness of the many-to-one or one-to-many stimulus arrangements (compared to the linear arrangement used in the earlier experiments). The many-to-one and one-to-many arrangements resulted in more participants demonstrating equivalence than the linear arrangement for both the stimulus-pairing-observation and matching-to-sample procedures. Experiment 6 replicated E 5 but with more training trials prior to each equivalence test. This resulted in more participants demonstrating equivalence across both procedures and all stimulus arrangements. The stimulus-pairing-observation and matching-to-sample procedures were found to be equally effective in terms of accuracy achieved on the equivalence tests; however, the matching-to-sample procedure resulted in the development of equivalence within fewer training trials than the stimulus-pairing-observation procedure. When the stimulus-pairing-observation procedure was used, more participants demonstrated equivalence with the one-to-many arrangement than with the many-to-one or linear arrangements. When the matching-to-sample procedure was used, the one-to-many and many-to-one arrangements resulted in more participants demonstrating equivalence than the linear arrangement. Comparisons across the experiments suggested that the number of training trials completed prior to each equivalence test, but not the total number of training trials completed, affected performance. The effectiveness of the stimulus arrangements differed across the procedures, but one-to-many arrangement was more effective than the linear arrangement for both procedures. Overall, these experiments suggest that there is little difference in the effectiveness of the MTS and SPO procedures in facilitating the formation of equivalence relations, and that the development of equivalence is made more likely for both procedures by the addition of more training trials prior to each test, and the use of a one-to-many stimulus arrangement
The poet in the art gallery : accounting for ekphrasis
No full textThis paper reports on the experience of composing a book of poems about visual art and on the ways in which this was affected by the institutional circumstances pertaining to its funding. Underpinning the AHRC's support for creative writing is the notion that creative writing should be conceived as a form of practice-led research. The case for support therefore stressed the ways in which the modes of writing about art would also form a subject for creative practice and critical reflection and the author offered both a critical preface and a critical article in this context. A project which involves ekphrasis, however, brings the relationship between the creative and critical components of the creative act into the sharpest possible focus and the author found himself engaged on a project which had the Academy's understanding of creative writing at its heart. This paper examines how the reading of an unusual critical text - itself a hybrid of critical prose and poetry - impacted the intellectual tensions at play among the poems being created, leading to paradoxical outcomes: the incorporation of critical prose into lyrically inflected prose-poems and a rejection of critical prose as a vehicle adequate to the documentation of practice-led creative processes
Modelling and predicting fatigue crack growth in structural adhesive joints
No full textAbstractThe present paper examines crack growth in a range of structural adhesive joints under cyclic-fatigue loadings. It is shown that cyclic-fatigue crack-growth in such materials can be modelled by a form of the Hartman and Schijve crack-growth equation which aims to give a unique and linear ‘master’ representation for the fatigue data points that have been experimentally obtained. This relationship is shown to capture the experimental data representing the effects of test conditions, such as the R-ratio (=σmin/σmax) present in the fatigue cycle and test temperature. It also captures the typical scatter often seen in such tests, especially at low values of the fatigue crack-growth rate. Furthermore, the methodology is shown to be applicable to, and to unify, the results from Mode I (opening tensile), Mode II (in-plane shear) and Mixed-Mode I/II fatigue tests. Finally, it is used to predict successfully the rate of fatigue crack-growth in two bonded-repair type joints where naturally-occurring disbonds have initiated and grown
Discussion of the Stress Ratio Effect on the Fatigue Delamination Growth Characterization in FRP Composite Structures
No full textAbstractThe strain energy release rate (SERR) is widely used to study delamination growth in composites and adhesively bonded structures. Both the maximum SERR (Gmax) and the range of SERR (ΔG) are commonly used to characterize delamination growth rate. The present paper discusses the appropriateness of using the SERR range to characterize delamination growth in fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) composite structures, and several inconsistent results associated with fatigue tests reported in the open literature will be presented. To this end, the paper focuses on the question of ‘similitude’ and the potential for using the terms ΔG' and Δ√G as alternative methods for characterizing Mode I, Mode II and Mixed mode I/II delamination growth
A concurrent-choice analysis of amount-dependent temporal discounting
No full textAmount-dependent temporal discounting refers to the differential rates at which the values of large and small rewards are discounted over time. A lower rate of discounting of larger rewards is known as the magnitude effect. The present study aimed to establish a magnitude effect in humans using a concurrent-choice procedure. Participants indicated their strength of preference between hypothetical outcomes that differed in monetary value, and in the delay at which they were available. Most studies of temporal discounting measure preference using indifference points estimated from a titration procedure. The present study measured preference using a concurrent choice procedure. The main analysis demonstrated temporal discounting and a magnitude effect. Further analysis showed that the result was consistent with the matching law. © 2013 Elsevier B.V
Salivary gland cancer: ESMO - European Reference Network on Rare Adult Solid Cancers (EURACAN) Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up
No full text• This ESMO–EURACAN Clinical Practice Guideline provides key recommendations for managing salivary gland cancer. • The guideline covers clinical and pathological diagnosis, staging and risk assessment, treatment and follow-up. • Treatment algorithms for parotid, submandibular, sublingual and minor salivary gland cancer are provided. • The author group encompasses a multidisciplinary group of experts from different institutions and countries in Europe. • Recommendations are based on available scientific data and the authors’ collective expert opinion.sponsorship: Manuscript editing support was provided by Louise Green and Jennifer Lamarre (ESMO Guidelines staff) and Angela Corstorphine and Sian-Marie Lucas of Kstorfin Medical Communications Ltd (KMC); this support was funded by ESMO. Nathan Cherny, Chair of the ESMO-MCBS Working Group, Urani Dafni, ESMO-MCBS Working Group Member/Frontier Science Foundation Hellas and Giota Zygoura of Frontier Science Foundation Hellas provided review and validation of the ESMO-MCBS scores. Nicola Latino (ESMO Scientific Affairs staff) provided coordination and support of the ESMO-MCBS scores and Angela Corstorphine and Sian -Marie Lucas of KMC provided medical writing and editing support in the preparation of the ESMO-MCBS table; this support was funded by ESMO. Joaquin Mateo (Chair of the ESMO Translational Research and Precision Medicine Working Group) and Dr Svetlana Jezdic (ESMO Medical Af-fairs Advisor) provided validation support for ESCAT scores. (ESMO)status: Published onlin
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