122 research outputs found
Human papillomavirus infection in patients with inverted papilloma’s of nose and paranasal sinuses and with associated squamous cell carcinoma
No full textInvertirani papilomi (IP) nosu in obnosnih votlin so redki benigni epitelni lokalno agresivni tumorji. Za IP so značilne nagnjenost k ponovitvam, povezava s prehodom v ploščatocelični karcinom (PCK) in zmožnost destrukcije kostnine. Etiologija IP še ni pojasnjena. Podatki številnih raziskav o povezavi okužbe s človeškimi papilomavirusi (HPV) in nastankom IP so nasprotujoči si in še vedno nezadostni, da bi potrdili povezavo. Opazna odsotnost klasičnih genskih sprememb v IP je nakazala možnost, da maligno alteracijo in nastanek PCK v IP lahko povzročajo visokorizični genotipi HPV. Do danes vloga HPV v PCK v IP še ni pojasnjena.
Skupino genotipov virusov iz družine Papillomaviridae, ki so pomembni v humani medicini, imenujemo človeški papilomavirusi. Izmed petih rodov, v katere uvrščamo genotipe HPV, je najpomembnejši rod alfa. Glede na onkogeni potencial jih delimo na nizko- in visokorizične genotipe, ki izražajo tropizem za sluznico ali kožo. Povzročajo lahko navadne ali ploščate, kožne ali anogenitalne bradavice, papilome v ustni votlini ali grlu in rak materničnega vratu, zadnjika, penisa, vulve, nožnice, ustnega žrela in nosne votline.
Namen naše raziskave je bil ugotoviti prisotnost HPV DNA pri bolnikih z IP, PCK v IP in pri kontrolni skupini. Samo dokaz HPV DNA v IP in PCK v IP ne zadošča za opredelitev HPV kot enega od etioloških dejavnikov v nastanku bolezni. HPV je lahko namreč le naključno prisoten (by stander). Zato smo želeli ugotoviti tudi morebitno integracijo virusne DNA v človeški genom in s tem povezano transkripcijsko aktivnost HPV v IP in PCK v IP. Dodatno smo pri naših bolnikih pridobili podatke o lokalizaciji IP in vplivu vrste kirurškega zdravljenja na ponovitev bolezni.
V raziskavo smo vključili biopsijske vzorce 83 bolnikov z IP, 5 bolnikov s PCK v IP in 61 bolnikov kontrolne skupine, pri katerih smo ob operaciji nosnega pretina odstranili tudi del kompenzatorno zadebeljene sluznice v spodnji nosni školjki.
Z dvema občutljivima različicama PCR (GP5+/GP6+ in CPI/CPIIg) na 218 tkivnih vzorcih 146 bolnikov z IP, PCK v IP ali kontrolne skupine nam je HPV DNA uspelo dokazati v tkivnih vzorcih 22 bolnikov z IP, 3 bolnikov s PCK v IP in 7 bolnikov iz kontrolne skupine. Ugotovili smo, da je okužba s HPV pri bolnikih z IP ali PCK v IP v nosu in obnosnih votlinah statistično pomembno pogostejša kot v kontrolni skupini. Z metodo ISH mRNA E6/E7 HPV smo transkripcijsko aktivnost dokazali pri dveh bolnikih z IP. HPV je bil pri naših bolnikih z IP redko prisoten v integrirani transkripcijsko aktivni obliki in najverjetneje ni eden od pomembnih dejavnikov v etiologiji IP. Prisotnost HPV DNA pri bolnikih z IP, pri katerih je prišlo do ponovitve IP po kirurškem zdravljenju, ni bila pogostejša kot pri bolnikih, pri katerih ni prišlo do ponovitve bolezni, tako da ni napovedni dejavnik za ponovitev. V naši raziskavi nismo ugotovili statistično pomembnih razlik med pogostostjo HPV DNA med bolniki s PCK v IP in bolniki z IP. Z metodo ISH mRNA E6/E7 HPV smo transkripcijsko aktivnost dokazali pri enem bolniku s PCK v IP. Glede na rezultate ISH mRNA E6/E7 HPV menimo, da HPV najverjetneje ni eden od glavnih etioloških dejavnikov v nastanku PCK v IP, da pa pri PCK v IP kljub temu obstajajo primeri, v katerih je integriran in transkripcijsko aktiven HPV lahko vpleten v etiopatogenezo PCK. S kombinacijo imunohistokemičnega izražanja beljakovine p16 in odsotnosti izražanja beljakovine pRb smo v naši raziskavi potrdili z metodo ISH za E6/E7 mRNA dokazano integrirano in transkripcijsko aktivno okužbo s HPV pri bolniku s PCK v IP. Imunohistokemično izražanje beljakovine p16 je bilo prisotno pri dveh naših bolnikih s PCK v IP. Samo pri enem je bila z metodo ISH za E6/E7 mRNA dokazana integracija in transkripcijska aktivnost. Pri naših bolnikih s PCK v IP glede na samostojen izvid p16 torej ne moremo sklepati o morebitni integraciji in transkripcijski aktivnosti HPV. Metoda izražanja p16 je lahko samo komplementarna metodi ISH za E6/E7 mRNA.
Pri naših bolnikih z IP so bile ponovitve po kirurškem zdravljenju z zunanjim pristopom pogostejše kot pri bolnikih, zdravljenih endoskopsko. Odstotek ponovitev je približno enak odstotku ponovitev v objavljenih raziskavah, zato kirurško zdravljenje naših bolnikov z IP lahko ocenimo kot uspešno.Inverted papilloma (IP) is a rare benign epithelial sinonasal lesion with a propensity for locally invading the surrounding tissues. They have strong tendency to recur and malignant transformation is reported. Pressure erosion of bone may also be apparent. Several studies have proposed human papillomaviruses (HPV) infection to be involved in the etiology of IPs, but the reports are contradictory and still insufficient to prove the connection. The notable absence of conventional genetic alterations in IPs has suggested the possibility of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) as an alternative driver of malignant transformation. To date, however, the role of HPV in carcinomatous transformation of IP is unresolved.
The group of viruses from Papillomaviridae family which are important in human medicine are named human papillomaviruses. Out of five viral genera in which this family is further divided, the alpha genus is the most important. They are further divided in low-risk and high-risk genotypes which can show tissue tropism or predilection for infecting mucous membrane or skin. They can cause common or flat warts, skin or anogenital warts, mouth papilloma, laryngeal papillomatosis and cancer of the cervix, anus, penis, vulva, vagina, oropharynx and sinonasal tract.
The aim of our study was to find out the presence of HPV DNA in IPs, IPs associated with squamous cell carcinoma (IPsSCC) and in control group. However, simply finding HPV DNA cannot distinguish HPV infections that are truly causative from those that are clinically insignificant (ʺpassengerʺHPV). That is why we wanted to identify integration of viral DNA and HPV transcriptional activity in IPs and in IPsSCC. In our study we have additionally collected the data on location of IPs and the influence of type of the treatment on recurrence after surgical treatment.
Our study included tissue samples from 83 patients with IP, 5 patients with IPsSCC and 61 patients from control group in whom we removed a part of inferior turbinate during the surgery for deviated nasal septum.
Using two primer sets (GP5+/GP6+ in CPI/CPIIg), PCR amplification was performed on 218 tissue samples from 146 patients with IPs, IPsPCC or control group and HPV DNA was detected in tissue samples from 22 patients with IP, 3 patients with IPsCC and 7 patients from control group.
The presence of HPV DNA was statistically higher in patients with IPs and patients with IPsSCC in comparison with the control group. Using the in situ hybridization (ISH) for detecting HPV E6/E7 mRNA transcripts we found transcriptional activity in 2 patients with IP. In our patients with IPs HPV was rarely present in integrated and transcriptionally active form and most probably isn’t one of the important etiological factors of IPs. The presence of HPV DNA in patients with recurrence of IP after surgical treatment was not statistically higher in comparison to patients with no recurrence and is not a risk factor of the recurrence. In our study we did not find statistically significant differences in the presence of HPV DNA between patients with IPs and patients with IPsSCC. Using detection of the HPV E6/E7 mRNA transcripts we have demonstrated integration and transcriptional activity in one patient with IPsSCC. According to the results of ISH mRNA E6/E7 HPV we believe that HPV is not one of the most important etiological factors in development of IPsSCC but furthermore we do believe that there are the cases in which integrated and transcriptionally active HPV can be involved in the etiopathogenesis of IPsSCC. Protein expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry. In our study the combination of high expression of p16 and low expression of pRb additionally confirmed integrated and transcriptionally active HPV infection in patient with IPsSCC. Expression of p16 was immunohistochemically present in 2 patients with IPsSCC. Only one had with ISH mRNA E6/E7 HPV proven integration and transcriptional activity. In our patients with IPsSCC immunostaining for p16 cannot substitute ISH mRNA E6/E7 HPV for HPV testing. Immunostaining for p16 can only be used as a complimentary procedure for HPV testing in IPsSCC. In our patients with IP the recurrences after surgery were more common after external approach than after endoscopic treatment. The percentage of recurrences and treatment success is comparable to published studies and we consider the treatment of our patients as successful
Defining The Conceptual Model For UNESCO Digital Trail Development Based On Stakeholder Technology Acceptance: The Case Of the Scottish National Trail
No full textSlides and paper presented at 7th UNESCO UNITWIN Conference, World Heritage and Tourism Innovation, 15-20th May 2022, Portoroz, Slovenia.
Author affiliations:
Giancarlo Fedeli, Krems University,
Miha Bratec, University of Primorska
Katarzyna Minor, Cardiff Metropolitan University
Conference Website: https://unitwin2022.turistica.si/en</p
Analysis of employee satisfaction at organization x
No full textZadovoljstvo je ena od temeljnih človekovih potreb. Večina ljudi dela znotraj neke organizacije in iz tega lahko sklepamo, da sta odnos do dela in način dela odvisna od njihovega zadovoljstva z delom. V diplomskem delu so obravnavane osnove za razumevanje ključnih konceptov in dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na zadovoljstvo pri delu.The basic human need is satisfaction. Most people are engaged in work in an organization, and from this we can conclude that their attitude and way of working depends on their satisfaction with their work. The basics of understanding the key concepts and factors that influence job satisfaction are discussed in this final part
Francoska revolucija v slovenskih sodbah 19. stoletja
No full textThe author represents the points of view as to the French Revolution of the Slovene liberal daily Slovenski Narod (Slovene Nation) 1870, 1889, and catholic daily Slovenec (Slovenian) 1889, further of the authors of the first Slovene universal (world) histories Miha Verne (1863) and Josip Stare (1888), as well as of the historian and later politician Fran Šuklje (1870—1884).Avtor prikazuje, s kakšnimi očmi so gledali na francosko revolucijo slovenski liberalni dnevnik Slovenski Narod (1870, 1889) in katoliški dnevnik Slovenec (1889), pisca prvih slovenskih občih (svetovnih) zgodovin Miha Verne (1863) in Josip Stare (1888) ter zgodovinar, pozneje politik Fran Šuklje (1870—1884)
Engaging Ethnography and Tourism. A Native Festival Organiser's Experience
No full textU etnologiji su sve glasniji zahtjevi za istraživanjem s namjenom društvenog djelovanja. Posebno se istraživačko ishodište uspostavlja kada je etnolog već unaprijed dio društvenoga procesa koji namjerava istražiti te svojim znanjem na njega i djelovati. Autor obrađuje vlastito iskustvo omladinskog aktivista, odnosno organizatora festivala i etnografa domaćeg okoliša. Također pojašnjava zašto je svoje istraživanje usmjerio na polje turizma.While “anthropology at home” has become a widely recognised research agenda, research deriving from the researcher’s own identity, locality and habitual practices is still not a very common practice. The author analyses how certain
aspects of his own (local) identity formation constituted his fieldwork projects. He shows how his local identification evolved through interaction with certain place-making processes, which he was also analysing as a researcher. At a certain point the author realised he was not merely ethnographically documenting these processes, but was also actively initiating them. His role of “fellow passenger”
thus developed into a consciously activist role. Since at the time tourism was emerging as a generator of local change and public hope, the author too engaged in tourism-related activities, namely music festivals. The author also points out certain ethical dilemmas that have accompanied his untypical research agenda,
and discusses the possibilities of ethnography and tourism for creating a nonreactionary concept of place and local identity
Ptuj and other real places in the narrative prose of Miha Remec
No full textV magistrski nalogi z naslovom Ptuj in drugi realni kraji v pripovedni prozi Mihe Remca je poudarek na dogajalnem prostoru, tj. mestu Ptuj, ki je rojstni kraj avtorja obravnavanih del Mihe Remca.
V prvem delu naloge je predstavljena teoretična zasnova za analizo, to je teorija dogajalnega prostora v literaturi, teorija urbanega romana, teorija identificiranja realnih krajev v literaturi in predstavitev osrednjih kronotopov po Bahtinu. Teoretični del naloge vključuje še obravnavo mesta kot dogajalnega prostora v tuji in slovenski literaturi ter pomen kolektivne memorije in geniusa loci v književnosti.
V drugem delu magistrske naloge sledi analiza literarnih del. Osrednji del predstavljajo povest z dramsko predlogo in dva romana, ki so prostorsko umeščeni v mesto Ptuj in okolico. V njih so predstavljeni zgodovinski, politični in kulturni vidiki Ptuja. Ob tem so prikazane možnosti pojavitev kolektivne memorije, geniusa loci in regionalne identitete. Prikazani so opisi okolja, iz katerih lahko razberemo, ali je Ptuj v vlogi urbanega mesta ali ne. Romana sta obravnavana tudi po kategorizaciji kronotopov po Bahtinu. Sledi obravnava drugih Remčevih pripovednih del, ki ne vsebujejo sestavine oz. dogajalnega prostora Ptuja, a se v njih pojavi ogromno drugih realnih krajev ter primerjava teh z opisi Ptuja. Na koncu so predvidene tudi povezave del, oziroma realnih krajev v njih, z avtorjevim življenjem.The master thesis with the title Ptuj and other real places in the narrative prose of Miha Remc focuses on the setting, i.e. the town Ptuj, the birthplace of the author of the discussed literary works, Miha Remc.
The first part of the thesis introduces the theoretical concepts for analysis, which is the theory of the narrative space in literature, the theory of urban novel, the theory of real places identification in literature as well as the introduction of central chronotopes according to Bahtin. The theoretical part of the thesis includes the role of the city as the narrative space in foreign and Slovenian literature as well as the importance of collective memory and Genious Loci in literature.
The second part of the master thesis includes the analysis of literary works. The central part are the tale with dramatic material and two novels, which are placed into the town of Ptuj and its surroundings. They present the historical, political and cultural aspects of Ptuj. The possibility of occurrences of collective memory, Genious Loci and regional identity are also shown. This part also includes descriptions of surroundings which show whether Ptuj is playing a role of an urban town or not. The novels are also discussed after the chronotope categorisation according to Bahtin. This is followed by the analysis of other narrative works of Remec, which do not include Ptuj, however many other real places occur in them as well as the comparison to the descriptions of Ptuj. At the end of the thesis there are also connections of works or real places, which occur in these works, with the authors life
Hate Speech and French Mediaeval Literature
No full textHate speech is spoken or written word which expresses a hostile attitude of a dominating majority towards any kind of minority. The author analyses a few examples of hate speech in literary history and concludes that such a phenomenon is typical of The Song of Roland, whether uttered in a direct way or spoken between the lines. One will expect hate speech in epic and heroic poetry, less in the Troubadour poetry. Yet we come across this awkward characteristic even in their love poetry. To be quite clear, in the poetry of Bernart de Ventadorn. The last part of the article is about the courtly romance. The author concludes that hate speech can only be controlled by love, not any, but the love that makes one a better person, and which the Troubadours called fin’amors
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