434 research outputs found
sj-docx-3-chi-10.1177_17423953211060253 - Supplemental material for Burden of cancer trial participation: A qualitative sub-study of the INTERIM feasibility RCT
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-3-chi-10.1177_17423953211060253 for Burden of cancer trial participation: A qualitative sub-study of the INTERIM feasibility RCT by Chidiebere Nwolise, Pippa Corrie, Ray Fitzpatrick, Avinash Gupta, Crispin Jenkinson, Mark Middleton and Rubeta Matin in Chronic Illness</p
sj-docx-2-chi-10.1177_17423953211060253 - Supplemental material for Burden of cancer trial participation: A qualitative sub-study of the INTERIM feasibility RCT
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-2-chi-10.1177_17423953211060253 for Burden of cancer trial participation: A qualitative sub-study of the INTERIM feasibility RCT by Chidiebere Nwolise, Pippa Corrie, Ray Fitzpatrick, Avinash Gupta, Crispin Jenkinson, Mark Middleton and Rubeta Matin in Chronic Illness</p
sj-docx-1-chi-10.1177_17423953211060253 - Supplemental material for Burden of cancer trial participation: A qualitative sub-study of the INTERIM feasibility RCT
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-chi-10.1177_17423953211060253 for Burden of cancer trial participation: A qualitative sub-study of the INTERIM feasibility RCT by Chidiebere Nwolise, Pippa Corrie, Ray Fitzpatrick, Avinash Gupta, Crispin Jenkinson, Mark Middleton and Rubeta Matin in Chronic Illness</p
Development and Testing of the UK SF-12
No full textObjectives: The 36 item short form health survey (SF-36) has proved to be of use in a variety of settings where a short generic health measure of patient-assessed outcome is required. This measure can provide an eight dimension profile of health status, and two summary scores assessing physical function and mental well-being. The developers of the SF-36 in America have developed algorithms to yield the two summary component scores in a questionnaire containing only one-third of the original 36 items, the SF-12. This paper documents the construction of the UK SF-12 summary measures from a large-scale dataset from the UK in which the SF-36, together with other questions on health and lifestyles, was sent to randomly selected members of the population. Using these data we attempt here to replicate the findings of the SF-36 developers in the UK setting, and then to assess the use of SF-12 summary scores in a variety of clinical conditions. Methods: Factor analytical methods were used to derive the weights used to construct the physical and mental component scales from the SF-36. Regression methods were used to weight the 12 items recommended by the developers to construct the SF-12 physical and mental component scores. This analysis was undertaken on a large community sample ( n = 9332), and then the results of the SF-36 and SF-12 were compared across diverse patient groups (Parkinson's disease, congestive heart failure, sleep apnoea, benign prostatic hypertrophy). Results: Factor analysis of the SF-36 produced a two factor solution. The factor loadings were used to weight the physical component summary score (PCS-36) and mental component summary score (MCS-36). Results gained from the use of these measures were compared with results gained from the PCS-12 and MCS-12, and were found to be highly correlated (PCS: ρ = 0.94, p < 0.001; MCS: ρ = 0.96, p < 0.001), and produce remarkably similar results, both in the community sample and across a variety of patient groups. Conclusions: The SF-12 is able to produce the two summary scales originally developed from the SF-36 with considerable accuracy and yet with far less respondent burden. Consequently, the SF-12 may be an instrument of choice where a short generic measure providing summary information on physical and mental health status is required. Crispin Jenkinson DPhil, Deputy Director </jats:sec
Inflammaging and Its Role in Ageing and Age-Related Diseases
No full textEvolution in medicine?! Never heard of it! This quote, in essence, sums up the reaction of a medical doctor who kindly accepted to review the proposal for this book. Far from substantiating the received idea according to which doctors are against any new approach to their field, it shows that health professionals know little about the relevance of evolutionary thinking for medical practice. At first, this may be surprising: the idea that evolution can inform medicine is not new— Erasmus Darwin, Darwin’s grandfather and a medical practitioner, hinted at this conceptual breakthrough more than 200 years ago—and evolutionary biologists have pleaded for more evolution into medicine for about two decades. In addition, medicine is repeatedly confronted to evolution: practitioners have to deal with antibiotic resistance, the rapid changes of a virus, or the evolution of tumour cells. Yet, evolution is not part of the medical curriculum of most universities and what is more, most medical students and doctors have just “never heard of it”. At second glance, however, this is not surprising
Quality of life in coeliac disease: qualitative interviews to develop candidate items for the Coeliac Disease Assessment Questionnaire
Get PDFHelen Crocker, Crispin Jenkinson, Michele Peters Health Services Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Background: Coeliac-specific measures have been criticized for not complying with current guidance on the development of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). The aim of this study was to develop a measure to assess health-related quality of life in adults with coeliac disease (CD), in accordance with current guidance for PROM development. Methods: In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with adults with CD. A thematic analysis was undertaken to develop a coding framework. All interviews were analyzed according to this framework. Interviewing continued until data saturation was achieved. Candidate items were developed on the basis of the interview findings. Results: The analysis revealed 6 themes: 1) symptoms, 2) gluten-free diet, 3) emotional health, 4) impact on activities, 5) relationships, and 6) financial issues. Data saturation was reached after 8 interviews, but a total of 23 interviews were conducted to include a wide enough range of diverse participants. From the themes, 64 candidate items (9 for symptoms, 15 for emotional health, 16 for gluten-free diet, 7 for relationships, 12 for impact on activities, and 5 for financial issues) were developed to form the first draft of the Coeliac Disease Assessment Questionnaire (CDAQ). Conclusion: The 64 items reflect all the issues of importance to people with CD. Next, these items will be pretested and refined to lead to a shorter draft version of the CDAQ before it is administered in a survey to produce a final version with subscales. Keywords: coeliac disease, quality of life, patient-reported outcome measure, item development, qualitative, content validity, conceptual framewor
El Tlacuache Núm. 706 (2015). 706 Año 14 (2015) diciembre. El Tlacuache
No full textLos Hueyapamericanos de Queens, Nueva York: Jóvenes y migración indígena por Ricardo Pacheco Bribiesca y Crispin Mariaca Castillo. - Antonio García de León, emerito del INAH Morelos, recibe el Premio Nacional de Ciencias y Artes 2015 por Centro INAH Morelos
Visualizing digital discourse: interactional, institutional and ideological perspectives Language and social life (Mouton de Gruyter) ;, v. 21./ edited by Crispin Ghurlow, Christa Dürscheid, Federica Diémoz.
No full textIn English.Includes bibliographic references and indexThe first dedicated volume of its kind, Visualizing Digital Discourse brings together sociolinguists and discourse analysts examining the role of visual communication in digital media. The volume showcases work from leading, established and emerging scholars from across Europe, covering a diverse range of digital media platforms such as messaging, video-chat, gaming and wikis; visual modalities such as emojis, video and layout; methodologies like discourse analysis, ethnography and conversation analysis; as well as data from different languages. With an opening chapter by Rodney Jones, the volume is organized into three parts: Besides Words and Writing, The Social Life of Images, and Designing Multimodal Texts. From the perspective of these broad domains, chapters tackle some of the major ideological, interactional and institutional implications of visuality for digital discourse studies. The first part, beginning with a co-authored chapter by Crispin Thurlow, focuses on micro-level visual practices and their macro-level framing - all with particular regard for emojis. The second part, beginning with a chapter from Sirpa Leppänen, examines the ways visual resources are used for managing personal relations, and the wider cultural politics of visual representation in these practices. The third part, beginning with a chapter by Hartmut Stöckl, considers organizational contexts where users deploy visual resources for more transactional, often commercial ends.Frontmatter -- Contents -- Author bios -- Introduction: 1. Part 1: 2. 3. 4. Part 2: 5. 6. 7. 8. Part 3: 9. 10. 11. 12. Index Thurlow, Crispin / Dürscheid, Christa -- Jones, Rodney H. -- Thurlow, Crispin / Jaroski, Vanessa -- Albert, Georg -- Panckhurst, Rachel / Frontini, Francesca -- Leppänen, Sirpa -- Schmidt, Axel / Marx, Konstanze -- Cserző, Dorottya -- Venema, Rebecca / Lobinger, Katharina -- Stöckl, Hartmut -- Portmann, Lara -- Pflaeging, Jana -- Meer, Dorothee / Staubach, Katharina -- Turning to the visual in digital discourse studies / Towards an embodied visual semiotics: Negotiating the right to look / Besides words and writing -- "Emoji invasion": The semiotic ideologies of language endangerment in multilingual news discourse / Beyond the binary: Emoji as a challenge to the image-word distinction / Evolving interactional practices of emoji in text messages / The social life of images -- Revisualization of classed motherhood in social media / Making Let's plays watchable: An interactional approach to gaming visualizations / Intimacy at a distance: Multimodal meaning making in video chat tours / Visual bonding and intimacy: A repertoire-oriented study of photo-sharing in close personal relationships / Designing multimodal texts -- Multimodality and mediality in an image-centric semiosphere : a rationale / Designing "good taste": A social semiotic analysis of corporate Instagram practices / Diachronic perspectives on viral online genres: From images to words, from lists to stories / Social media influencers' advertising targeted at teenagers: The multimodal constitution of credibility /1 online resourc
Quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients is affected by complications but not by intensive policies to improve blood glucose or blood pressure control (UKPDS 37)
No full textOBJECTIVE - To determine in patients with type 2 diabetes the effects on quality of life (QOL) of therapies for improving blood glucose control and for improving blood pressure (BP) control, diabetic complications, and hypoglycemic episodes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We performed two cross- sectional studies of patients enrolled in randomized controlled trials of 1) an intensive blood glucose control policy compared with a conventional blood glucose control policy, and 2) a tight BP control policy compared with a less tight BP control policy. Also undertaken was a longitudinal study of patients in a randomized controlled trial of an intensive blood glucose control policy compared with a conventional blood glucose control policy. Subjects' QOL was assessed before or at the time of randomization and from 6 months to 6 years after randomization. Two cross-sectional samples of type 2 diabetic patients were randomized to therapies for blood glucose control: 1) 2,431 patients, mean age 60, duration from randomization 8.0 years, completed a 'specific' questionnaire coveting four aspects of QOL, and 2) 3,104 patients, mean age 62, duration from randomization 11 years, completed a 'genetic' QOL measure. Of these samples, 628 and 747 patients, respectively, were also randomized to therapies for BP control. A sample of 122 nondiabetic control subjects, average age 62, were also given the specific questionnaire. A longitudinal sample of 374 type 2 diabetic patients randomized to either intensive or conventional blood glucose policies, mean age at randomization 52, were given the specific questionnaire. Sample sizes at 6 months and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 years after randomization were 322, 307, 280, 253, 225, 163, and 184, respectively. The specific questionnaire assessed specific domains of QOL, including mood disturbance (Profile of Mood State), cognitive mistakes (Cognitive Failures Questionnaire), symptoms, and work satisfaction; the generic questionnaire (EQ5D) assessed general health. Both questionnaires were self-administered. RESULTS - The cross-sectional studies showed that allocated therapies were neutral in effect, with neither improvement nor deterioration in QOL scores for mood, cognitive mistakes, symptoms, work satisfaction, or general health. The longitudinal study also showed no difference in QOL scores for the specific domains assessed, other than showing marginally more symptoms in patients allocated to conventional than to intensive policy in the cross-sectional studies, patients who had had a macrovascular complication in the last year had worse general health, as measured by the generic questionnaire, than those without complications, with scale scores median 60 and 78 respectively (P = 0.0006) and tariff scores median 0.73 and 0.83 respectively (P = 0.0012); more problems with mobility, 64 and 36%, respectively (P < 0.0001); and more problems with usual activities, 48 and 28% respectively (P = 0.0023). As measured by the specific questionnaire, they also showed reduced vigor (P = 0.0077). Patients who had had a microvascular complication in the last year reported more tension (P = 0.0082) and total mood disturbance (P = 0.0054), as measured by the specific questionnaire, than patients without complications. Patients treated with insulin who had had two or more hypoglycemic episodes during the previous year reported more tension (P = 0.0023), more overall mood disturbance (P = 0.0009), and less work satisfaction (P = 0.0042), as measured by the specific questionnaire, than those with no hypoglycemic attacks, after adjusting for age, duration from randomization, systolic BP, HbA(1c), and sex in a multivariate polychotomous regression. CONCLUSIONS - In patients with type 2 diabetes, complications of the disease affected QOL, whereas therapeutic policies shown to reduce the risk of complications had no effect on QOL. It cannot be discerned whether frequent hypoglycemic episodes affect QOL, or whether patients with certain personality traits or many symptoms also reported increased numbers of hypoglycemic attacks.</p
Pårørende til personer med demens sine erfaringer med bruk av velferdsteknologi i hjemmet
Get PDFTre engelske forskere, Vimal Siram, Crispin Jenkinson og Michele Peters, har gjen-nomført en systematisk litteraturstudie av internasjonal forskningslitteratur om pa -rørende til personer med demens sine erfaringer med bruk av velferdsteknologi i hjemmet
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