172,603 research outputs found
Measurement of ATP in soil: correcting for incomplete recovery
No full textMartens [Soil Biol. Biochem. 33 (2001) 701] recently reported that Jenkinson and Oades [Soil Biol. Biochem. II (1979) 193] method for measuring adenosine 5′ triphosphate (ATP) in soil leads to serious underestimations. We have now compared the Jenkinson and Oades extraction technique, which corrects for incomplete extraction of ATP by reference to a 'spike' of added ATP, with a sequential extraction procedure as used by Martens. Measurements of the ATP contents of four soils by the two procedures showed no significant differences, in contrast to Martens' finding
Proctolaelaps drosophilae Karg, Baker & Jenkinson 1995
No full textProctolaelaps drosophilae Karg , Baker & Jenkinson, 1995 Proctolaelaps drosophilae Karg, Baker & Jenkinson, 1995: 187. TYPE DEPOSITORY: Museums für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany. TYPE LOCALITY AND HABITAT: University of Leeds, Leeds, England, on Drosophila [Animalia: Drosophilidae] colony.Published as part of De Moraes, Gilberto J., Britto, Erika P. J., Mineiro, Jefferson L. De C. & Halliday, Bruce, 2016, Catalogue of the mite families Ascidae Voigts & Oudemans, Blattisociidae Garman and Melicharidae Hirschmann (Acari: Mesostigmata), pp. 1-299 in Zootaxa 4112 (1) on page 210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4112.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/39947
David Stewart Jenkinson. 25 February 1928 — 16 February 2011
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David Jenkinson was one of the most influential soil scientists of his generation, bringing new insights into the transformations of organic matter and nitrogen in soil. He spent the majority of his career at Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK. His studies were influential regarding the role of soil carbon stocks in the context of climate change and the role of nitrogen fertilizer in delivering adequate supplies of food for a growing world population. His research encompassed both fundamental studies on soil processes and immensely practical applications of this knowledge, often utilizing the Rothamsted long-term experiments that have run for over 170 years. He is particularly well known for his development of a method for determining the quantity of organic carbon held in the cells of living micro-organisms in soil, termed the ‘soil microbial biomass’. This breakthrough opened the way for a new wave of soil biological research. David developed one of the earliest computer models for the turnover of organic carbon in soil, known as the Rothamsted Carbon Model, RothC. This model, conceptually very simple, has proved highly successful in simulating and predicting changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) content under different management practices worldwide, being used by over 2600 people in 115 countries. His research using the stable isotope of nitrogen,
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N, in large-scale field experiments drew attention to the factors leading to inefficiencies in the use of nitrogen fertilizer but also demonstrated that it is possible to achieve high efficiency if good agricultural management practices are followed. It also demonstrated, more clearly than previously, the great importance of soil organic matter as a source of nitrogen for crops and the role of the soil microbial biomass both in immobilizing a proportion of applied fertilizer nitrogen and also in causing confusion in the interpretation of such experiments. By calculating nitrogen budgets for the Rothamsted long-term experiments he quantified the deposition of nitrogen compounds from atmosphere to land, laying foundations for later studies concerning the ecological and agricultural impacts of this significant input of nitrogen.
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Short form 36 (SF-36) health survey questionnaire: which normative data should be used? Comparisons between the norms provided by the omnibus survey in Britain, the Health Survey for England and the Oxford Healthy Life Survey
No full textBackground Population norms for the attributes included in measurement scales are required to provide a standard with which scores from other study populations can be compared. This study aimed to obtain population norms for the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey Questionnaire, derived from a random sample of the population in Britain who were interviewed at home, and to make comparisons with other commonly used norms.Methods The method was a face-to-face interview survey of a random sample of 2056 adults living at home in Britain (response rate 78 per cent). Comparisons of the SF-36 scores derived from this sample were made with the Health Survey for England and the Oxford Healthy Life Survey.Results Controlling for age and sex, many of mean scores on the SF-36 dimensions differed between the three datasets. The British interview sample had better total means for Physical Functioning, Social Functioning, Mental Health, Energy/Vitality, and General Health Perceptions. The Health (interview) Survey for England had the lowest (worst) total mean scores for Physical Functioning, Social Functioning, Role Limitations (physical) Bodily Pain, and Health Perceptions. The postal sample in central England had the lowest (worst) total mean scores for Role Limitations (emotional), Mental Health and Energy/Vitality.Conclusion Responses obtained from interview methods may suffer more from social desirability bias (resulting in inflated SF-36 scores) than postal surveys. Differences in SF-36 means between surveys are also likely to reflect question order and contextual effects of the questionnaires. This indicates the importance of providing mode-specific population norms for the various methods of questionnaire administration
Administering relief: Glasgow Corporation’s support for Scotland’s c. 20,000 Belgian refugees
No full textUniquely in the history of British wartime support for Belgian refugees, a subcommittee of Glasgow Corporation assumed complete responsibility for close to 20,000 refugees housed in Scotland. The councillors who formed Glasgow Corporation’s Belgian Refugee Committee became the administrators for Belgian refugee relief for the whole of Scotland. The Glasgow committee raised money to support Belgian refugees via public, church and trade union donations from across Scotland to offset the £1000 weekly running costs. This article considers the reasons behind the Corporation’s assumption of this national role and assesses its success in supporting Scotland’s Belgian refugees
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Thomas Jenkinson Woodward, Bungay, [Suffolk], to James Edward Smith
No full textDetails of his and [Robert] Stone's [(c 1751-1829), botanist] pending visit to London. Received [William] Hudson's specimen of 'Corrigiola' from [John] Pitchford; totally unlike 'Illecebrum verticillatum' of Vaillant's figure and "Flora dan[ica]"
Thomas Jenkinson Woodward, Bungay, [Suffolk], to James Edward Smith
No full textDetails of his and [Robert] Stone's [(c 1751-1829), botanist] pending visit to London. Received [William] Hudson's specimen of 'Corrigiola' from [John] Pitchford; totally unlike 'Illecebrum verticillatum' of Vaillant's figure and "Flora dan[ica]"
Thomas Jenkinson Woodward, Bungay, [Suffolk], to James Edward Smith
No full textConfirms he will not be attending Linnean Society anniversary meeting. [Robert] Stone [(c 1751-1829), botanist] severely ill with gout in his stomach but now recovered; he had thought of quitting the Linnean Society but now does not. Recommends [David Elisha] Davy of Yoxford, [Suffolk], who is to visit London, "a very diligent young botanist" who intends to join the Linnean Society once he knows more of the science
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