1,721,472 research outputs found
Exploring the Syndemic of Steatotic Liver Disease, Socioeconomic Inequities and Cancer Risk in the UK Biobank
No full textBackground: Steatotic liver disease (SLD), formerly known as fatty liver disease, is associated with increased cancer risk. However, the impact of socioeconomic inequities remains understudied. This study investigates the relationship between SLD, socioeconomic position (SEP) and cancer risk using a syndemic framework. Methods: Using UK Biobank data, we defined metabolic dysfunction-associated SLD (MASLD), MASLD with increased alcohol intake (MetALD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD), based on the Fatty Liver Index, cardiometabolic criteria and alcohol consumption. SEP was derived via latent class analysis using education, household income and employment. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine the associations between MASLD, MetALD and ALD and the incidence of any, obesity-related and digestive cancers. We then evaluated the combined effect of these SLD subcategories and SEP on cancer outcomes. Results: Among 325 476 individuals, 91 651 had MASLD, 25 649 MetALD and 8005 ALD. Over 11.7 years median follow-up, 35 775 first incident cancers occurred (15 426 obesity-related; 6959 digestive). MASLD, MetALD and ALD were each associated with an increased risk of all cancer outcomes (hazard ratios [HR] ranging from 1.09 to 1.73). The combination of MASLD and low SEP was associated with an increased risk of any (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.08–1.19), obesity-related (HR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.16–1.33) and digestive cancers (HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.23–1.53). Similar trends were observed for individuals with MetALD or ALD and low SEP across all cancer outcomes. Conclusion: SLD is independently associated with increased risk of any, obesity-related and digestive cancers. These risks are amplified by socioeconomic inequities, highlighting the need for integrated approaches that consider both clinical and social determinants of health
The influence of wheat bran and phytic acid on early biomarkers of colon carcinogenesis
No full textgrantor:
University of TorontoIt is unclear whether the previously observed colon cancer protective effect of wheat bran (WB) is due to its fiber and/or phytic acid (PA) components since pure PA (1-2%) has also been shown to be protective of colon cancer in rats. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine whether WB, due to its fiber and/or its PA, alters early biomarkers of colon cancer risk (aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and indices of cell proliferation) and whether endogenous and exogenously added PA differ. Possible modes of WB and PA action were also investigated. Five groups of azoxymethane-treated male F344 rats were fed, for 100 days, a basal control diet (BD), BD supplemented with either 25% WB, 25% dephytinized WB (DWB), 25% DWB plus 1.0% PA or 1.0% PA. All treatment diets reduced (p < 0.05) the number of sialomucin (SIM) ACF (by 43-66%), the degree of ACF luminal alterations (by 7-14%) and indices of cell proliferation (maximum 26-57%) versus the BD. Exogenous PA also reduced the number (by 31%) and size of ACF (by 39%) versus the BD. Some indices of cell proliferation were significantly increased (by 11-42%) upon dephytinization of WB. The treatment diets also increased the rate of apoptosis (by 135-217%) and cell differentiation (using lectin staining; by 144-168%) in various regions of the crypt. There were no major changes in indices of colon mucosal and liver lipid peroxidation, colonic butyrate production or serum and femur calcium or iron levels. However, versus the BD, all treatment diets reduced colonic pH, the WB-containing diets reduced □-glucuronidase activity, the WB diet increased total colon SCFA production and the PA diet decreased serum zinc. It was also observed that SIM ACF are more advanced types of ACF. It is concluded that WB significantly reduced putative early biomarkers of colon cancer risk due, in part, to its PA and dietary fiber. Furthermore, endogenous and exogenous PA are both effective, but exogenous PA is more effective in a low fiber diet. These effects are related to decreased cell proliferation, colon pH and increased apoptosis and degree of cell differentiation. They do not appear to be due to an anti-oxidative mechanism or inhibition of mineral availability.Ph.D
The influence of wheat bran and phytic acid on early biomarkers of colon carcinogenesis
Full text linkgrantor:
University of TorontoIt is unclear whether the previously observed colon cancer protective effect of wheat bran (WB) is due to its fiber and/or phytic acid (PA) components since pure PA (1-2%) has also been shown to be protective of colon cancer in rats. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine whether WB, due to its fiber and/or its PA, alters early biomarkers of colon cancer risk (aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and indices of cell proliferation) and whether endogenous and exogenously added PA differ. Possible modes of WB and PA action were also investigated. Five groups of azoxymethane-treated male F344 rats were fed, for 100 days, a basal control diet (BD), BD supplemented with either 25% WB, 25% dephytinized WB (DWB), 25% DWB plus 1.0% PA or 1.0% PA. All treatment diets reduced (p < 0.05) the number of sialomucin (SIM) ACF (by 43-66%), the degree of ACF luminal alterations (by 7-14%) and indices of cell proliferation (maximum 26-57%) versus the BD. Exogenous PA also reduced the number (by 31%) and size of ACF (by 39%) versus the BD. Some indices of cell proliferation were significantly increased (by 11-42%) upon dephytinization of WB. The treatment diets also increased the rate of apoptosis (by 135-217%) and cell differentiation (using lectin staining; by 144-168%) in various regions of the crypt. There were no major changes in indices of colon mucosal and liver lipid peroxidation, colonic butyrate production or serum and femur calcium or iron levels. However, versus the BD, all treatment diets reduced colonic pH, the WB-containing diets reduced □-glucuronidase activity, the WB diet increased total colon SCFA production and the PA diet decreased serum zinc. It was also observed that SIM ACF are more advanced types of ACF. It is concluded that WB significantly reduced putative early biomarkers of colon cancer risk due, in part, to its PA and dietary fiber. Furthermore, endogenous and exogenous PA are both effective, but exogenous PA is more effective in a low fiber diet. These effects are related to decreased cell proliferation, colon pH and increased apoptosis and degree of cell differentiation. They do not appear to be due to an anti-oxidative mechanism or inhibition of mineral availability.Ph.D
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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