1,721,070 research outputs found
FAIR CT 97-3889: Health certification of rosaceous species based on disease-indexing of in vitro plants: Validation of diagnostics and diagnostic strategies
No full textAim of the project FAIR CT 97-3889 was to develop and assess broad spectrum and specific assays for detection of filamentous, bacilliform and nematode-transmitted viruses and phytoplasmas to be used in tissue culture laboratories involved in the production of certified elite propagation material. The methodology to be used for broad-spectrum and/or specific detection tests (RT-PCR, PCR-ELISA, NASBA) is based on the amplification of the pathogen genome. Elimination procedures, such as meristem culture, heat therapy, and combinations thereof, were compared to evaluate their efficiency to eliminate recalcitrant pathogens. The release of fruit plant cultivars to fruit plant growers takes several years until all known as well as diseases of unknown etiology related with a plant species are checked by indexing methods currently in use ("base line" tests are carried out in the field with woody indicators). The combination of disease elimination and disease-indexing on in vitro plants, using reliable laboratory diagnostics, would considerably reduce the efforts and contribute to savings of time, money and labour and constitutes a considerable step forward to avoid disease spread and to allow safe commercial transactions of propagating plant material
First report of three filamentous viruses from cherry in Serbia
No full textFor assessing the sanitary status of stone fruit tree collections
from Serbia, 86 sweet cherry and 44 sour cherry
cultivars were indexed in Prunus serrulata cv Kwanzan.
After 2-3 months in a controlled environment greenhouse,
leaf deformation and epinasty, suggestive of infections by
Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV) were induced by
eight (6 sweet and 2 sour) accessions and a quick decline
was induced by 37 other sources. Inoculation with the rest
of the cultivars did not elicit any visible reactions. Total
nucleic acids were extracted as described by Foissac et al.
(2001) from 44 cultivars, selected among those inducing
either epinasty (8), or quick decline (16), or no symptoms
(20) in the indicator. RT-PCR was done using the following
sets of primers: (i) GRM8316 and GRM7950 that amplify
a 366 bp DNA fragment from CGRMV; (ii) NEG1U
and NEG1L that amplify a 400 bp DNA fragment from
Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV); (iii) ERMUP
and ERMLO that amplify a 341 bp DNA fragment from
a virus associated with European rusty mottle disease
(ERM) (Rott and Jelkmann, 2001). Sixteen of the 44 tested
accessions proved to be infected by at least one of
the above viruses, four by one, ten by two, and two by
all three viruses. The most frequent combination was
CGRMV+CNRMV. RT-PCR showed that seven of eight
cultivars that indexed positive in P. serrulata by inducing
deformation and epinasty were infected CGRMV, which
indicates a high level of reliability for woody indexing for
this virus. CNRMV and ERM virus were not associated
with any particular symptom in Kwanzan. This is the first
report of CGRMV, CNRMV and the new elongated virus
associated with ERM in Serbia
Viruses of sweet and sour cherry in Serbia
No full textOne hundred twenty-five trees (each of a different
cultivar) of sour and sweet cherry from two large varietal
collections in Serbia were visually inspected for
virus symptoms and tested for the presence of cherry
viruses by ELISA, herbaceous host assays, graft-indexing
on P. serrulata cv. Kwanzan, and RT-PCR. All samples
were tested by ELISA for Prunus necrotic ring spot
virus (PNRSV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Apple chlorotic
leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV),
and Plum pox virus (PPV). The overall detection of
PDV, PNRSV, and ACLSV was 63%. Additional
ELISA tests were done on 80 trees for Arabis mosaic
virus (ArMV), Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV), Strawberry
latent ring spot virus (SLRSV), Petunia asteroid mosaic
virus (PetAMV), Raspberry ringspot virus (RpRSV),
Tomato black ring virus (TBRV), Tobacco mosaic virus
(TMV), and Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV). In these
tests, one tree tested positive for PetAMV. RT-PCR testing
of 44 trees detected another five viruses: Cherry
green ring mottle virus (CGRMV), Cherry necrotic rusty
mottle virus (CNRMV), Cherry virus A (CVA), European
rusty mottle associated virus (ERMaV) and Plum
bark necrosis and stem pitting-associated virus (PBNSPaV),
but not Cherry mottle leaf virus (CMLV). In
graft-indexing tests on Kwanzan with all 125 trees, samples
from 38 trees induced symptoms of necrotic crook
disease (causal agent unknown). Viruses reported for
the first time in Serbia were CGRMV, CNRMV, CVA,
ERMaV, PBNSPaV, and PetAMV
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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