1,721,013 research outputs found
Comparing patterns of densification in Utrecht and Bern: A method to evaluate the redistributive effects of land policies
No full textWhile governments worldwide develop policies to promote urban densification, critics point to possible negative effects of densification on social sustainability. The occurrence and distribution of these negative social effects are strongly influenced by land policies. This makes it crucial to monitor the effects of densification policies and understand what processes shape urban development in the context of densification. To do so, detailed, large-scale international comparisons of densification patterns, including building and social changes, are needed.
We address this issue by introducing a method to measure and compare urban development in two countries with contrasting planning systems: the Netherlands, where public actors play a strong and active role, and Switzerland, where strong private property titles and a highly democratic planning system are prevailing. Our GIS-based method analyses densification processes within their surrounding morphological and socio-demographic context. A k-proto cluster analysis on highly detailed spatial and statistical data based on housing units, covering 2011 to 2019, results in five densification types. The distribution of these types reveals different patterns in the two city regions of Utrecht (NL) and Bern (CH). Most strikingly, contiguous redevelopments frequently occurred in Utrecht but hardly in Bern, pointing at possible advantages for Dutch municipalities to intervene in property rights. While having developed an empirical basis in this study, future research that refines the analysis of the legal, planning and ownership conditions underlying the identified densification patterns can contribute significantly to policy evaluation
Bilanz ziehen: Räumliche Verteilung von Kosten und Nutzen städtischer Verdichtung in den Regionen Utrecht und Bern
Get PDFStrategien zur Stadtverdichtung sind ein zentraler Baustein für eine nachhaltige Sied- lungsentwicklung. Der Handlungsspielraum bei der Umsetzung von Verdichtungsstra- tegien ist aber begrenzt und Verdichtung kann lokal zu mehr Verkehr, weniger Grün- flächen und erhöhten Wohnpreisen führen. Deswegen evaluieren wir anhand von kleinteiligen baulich-sozialen Daten, wie Kosten und Nutzen städtischer Verdichtung in zwei Beispielregionen − Utrecht und Bern − verteilt sind. Stadtverdichtung in Utrecht und Bern gestaltet sich unterschiedlich, da die Regionen in die kontrastierenden Pla- nungssysteme der Schweiz und der Niederlande eingebettet sind. Unterschiede lassen sich sowohl zwischen den Regionen, aber auch innerhalb der Regionen beobachten. So werden unterschiedliche Landnutzungsflächen verdichtet, verschiedene Typen der Verdichtung unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich ihrer Einwohnerdichte, Altersverteilung und durchschnittlichem Einkommen, und der Verdichtungsdruck ist ungleich zwischen ver- schiedenen sozialen Gruppen verteilt. Mit unseren Analysen lassen sich mögliche soziale Folgen von Stadtverdichtung genauer erforschen. Auch können Erklärungen dafür ge- funden werden, welche Verdichtungsstrategien zu welchen Resultaten führen
Compensating Downzoning. A Comparative Analysis of European Compensation Schemes in the Light of Net Land Neutrality
No full textMost spatial planning systems are growth-oriented and focus on upzoning. However, downzoning is becoming increasingly important, as European planning is taking a “resourcial turn” and needs to integrate net land neutrality. Yet downzoning may entail financial compensation for landowners losing their development rights. Understanding the legal and financial mechanisms of compensation schemes is therefore essential for planners. This comparative study investigates the rationale, conditions, and calculations of five European compensation schemes. Our research shows how compensation schemes differ significantly within the European context and concludes that a feasible and affordable compensation scheme is essential for adaptable planning
Supporting Suburban Change in City-regions - a Communicative Tool for Co-operative Planning
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
La gestion durable de l\u27espace en Allemagne - L\u27approche préalable vers les écovilles
No full textLa gestion foncière en circuit - Un modèle pour la ville durable et les enjeux de la mise en oeuvre en Allemagne
No full textThe integration of socio-economic conditions in energy scenarios - the acceptance of renewable energies by households
No full textUnderstanding Private Preferences in Urban Development—Analysing Spatial Patterns of Food Discount Stores Locations in Switzerland
Get PDFThis paper examines the spatial pattern of food discount stores in Switzerland, where private actors made location decisions without interference from planning regulations until 2016. Using aerial images and a classification scheme with functional and morphological attributes, the study shows that the majority of discount stores were built in peripheral commercial areas or greenfield sites as solitary buildings, indicating a preference for minimal land acquisition costs and car orientation. Some integrated central locations were also chosen. The average density measured by floor area ratio was low. The results suggest that without planning intervention, private actors’ decisions would lead to sprawled settlement patterns with high ecological and societal costs. Further research is needed to explore the potential role of planning in mitigating this effect
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