1,721,387 research outputs found
Factors that determine energy compensation: a systematic review of preload studies
No full textInsufficient energy compensation after a preload (meal, snack, or beverage) has been associated with excess energy intake, but experimental studies have used heterogeneous methodologies, making energy compensation difficult to predict. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the relative contributions of two key variables, preload physical form and intermeal interval (IMI), to differences in energy compensation. Forty-eight publications were included, from which percent energy compensation (%EC) data were extracted for 253 interventions (121 liquid, 69 semisolid, 20 solid, and 43 composite preloads). Energy compensation ranged from -370% (over-consumption, mostly of liquids) to 450% (overcompensation). A meta-regression analysis of studies reporting positive energy compensation showed that IMI (as the predominant factor) together with preload physical form and energy contributed significantly to %EC differences, accounting for 50% of the variance, independently from gender and BMI. Energy compensation was maximized when the preload was in semisolid/solid form and the IMI was 30-120 min. These results may assist in the interpretation of studies assessing the relative efficacy of interventions to enhance satiety, including functional foods and weight management products. (C) 2013 International Life Sciences Institut
The Public Health Responsibility Deal Food Network
No full textThe UK Department of Health's Responsibility Deal represents a new approach to public private partnerships to improve public health. This paper focuses on the Food Network and actions to improve the nation's diet. It summarises the pledges developed so far and early indicators of progress. It also signposts areas for future work and processes for monitoring and evaluation. © 2012 The Author. Journal compilation © 2012 British Nutrition Foundation
Changes in eating behaviour traits during weight loss and their relationship to changes in diet and body weight
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The relationship between appetitive traits, dietary intake and weight gain in the Gemini cohort
Get PDFThis thesis uses data from the Gemini twin birth cohort to explore interrelationships between appetite, dietary intake, consumption patterns and weight during early childhood. Specifically it aims to: (i) describe the dietary intake of young children; (ii) explore associations between appetite, eating patterns, and dietary intake; (iii) identify associations between eating patterns and weight gain; (iv) examine the mediation of the appetite-weight relationship by eating patterns; and (v) assess the continuity and stability of appetite and eating patterns from early to middle childhood. Chapter 4 describes the dietary intake of children aged 21 months in relation to UK public health nutrition recommendations. At a population level, young children are exceeding recommended intakes of energy and protein but not meeting recommended intakes of Vitamin D or iron. Chapter 5 explored the role of appetite in dietary intake during the complementary feeding period. Children with lower appetitive avidity consumed more milk, and had lower food intake, than those with more avid appetites. Mothers reported supplementing their child’s diet with formula milk due to ‘picky’ eating. Chapter 6 explored the role of appetite in how children eat and drink. Food Responsiveness was associated with higher ‘meal frequency’, and Satiety Responsiveness was associated with larger ‘meal size’. Chapter 7 established that larger meals, but not more frequent eating, were associated with weight status at aged two, and weight gain from two to five years. These associations were replicated cross-sectionally in a nationally representative sample. Chapter 8 demonstrated that meal size partially mediated the relationship between Satiety Responsiveness and weight. Findings from Chapter 9 suggested that appetite and eating patterns track moderately from early to mid-childhood. Overall this thesis identifies behavioural pathways through which individual differences in appetite may result in weight gain
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