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Novel multifunctional nanoliposomes inhibit α-synuclein fibrillization, attenuate microglial activation, and silence the expression of SNCA gene
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Novel multifunctional nanoliposomes inhibit α-synuclein fibrillization, attenuate microglial activation, and silence the expression of SNCA gene
Full text linkIntroduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of five types of PEGlated nanoliposomes (PNLs) on α-synuclein (α-syn) fibrillization, attenuation of microglial activation, and silence of the SNCA gene, which encodes α-syn. Methods: To evaluate the inhibition of α-syn fibrillization, we used standard in vitro assay based on Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence. Next, to evaluate the attenuation of microglial activation, the concentration of TNF-a and IL-6 was quantified by ELISA assay in BV2 microglia cells treated with 100 nM A53T α-syn and PNLs. In order to determine the silencing of the SNCA, real-time PCR and Western blot analysis was used. Finally, the efficacy of PNLs was confirmed in a transgenic mouse model expressing human α-syn. Results: ThT assay showed both PNL1 and PNL2 significantly inhibited a-syn fibrillization. ELISA test also showed the production of TNF-a and IL-6 was significantly attenuated when microglial cells treated with PNL1 or PNL2. We also found that SNCA gene, at both mRNA and protein levels, was significantly silenced when BV2 microglia cells were treated with PNL1 or PNL2. Importantly, the efficacy of PNL1 and PNL2 was finally confirmed in vivo in a transgenic mouse model. Conclusions: In conclusion, the novel multifunctional nanoliposomes tested in our study inhibit α-syn fibrillization, attenuate microglial activation, and silence SNCA gene. Our findings suggest the therapeutic potential of PNL1 and PNL2 for treating synucleinopathies. Resumen: Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el efecto de cinco tipos de nanoliposomas PEGlados (PNL) sobre la fibrilización de la α-sinucleína (α-syn), la atenuación de la activación microglial y el silencio del gen synuclein alpha (SNCA), que codifica α-syn. Métodos: Para evaluar la inhibición de la fibrilización α-syn, utilizamos un ensayo in vitro estándar basado en la fluorescencia de la tioflavina T (ThT). A continuación, para evaluar la atenuación de la activación microglial, se cuantificó la concentración de factor de necrosis tumoral alpha (TNF-a) e interleucina 6 (IL-6)mediante ensayo ELISA en células de microglía BV2 tratadas con 100 nM de α-syn de A53T y PNL. Para determinar el silenciamiento del SNCA, se utilizó reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en tiempo real y análisis de Western blot. Finalmente, la eficacia de las PNL se confirmó en un modelo de ratón transgénico que expresa α-syn humana. Resultados: El ensayo ThT mostró que tanto PNL1 como PNL2 inhibieron significativamente la fibrilización de α-syn. La prueba enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) también mostró que la producción de TNF-a e IL-6 se atenuó significativamente cuando las células microgliales se trataron con PNL1 o PNL2. También encontramos que el gen SNCA, tanto a nivel de ARN mensajero (ARNm) como de proteína, se silenciaba significativamente cuando las células de microglía BV2 se trataban con PNL1 o PNL2. Es importante destacar que la eficacia de PNL1 y PNL2 finalmente se confirmó in vivo en un modelo de ratón transgénico. Conclusiones: Los nuevos nanoliposomas multifuncionales probados en nuestro estudio inhiben la fibrilización α-syn, atenúan la activación microglial y silencian el gen SNCA. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren el potencial terapéutico de PNL1 y PNL2 para el tratamiento de sinucleinopatías
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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