1,721,042 research outputs found
Research priorities in gambling: Findings of a large-scale expert study
Full text linkObjectiveWhile gambling is a growing public health concern, research resources are limited, and no guidance is available to prioritise research. This study aimed to identify priorities for gambling research on a global scale using a systematic, transparent, and democratic methodology to inform researchers and other stakeholders.MethodsLeading gambling researchers were invited to list gambling-related research questions that can contribute to strengthening evidence-based policy, prevention, and effective early intervention and treatment of problem gambling. Suggestions were consolidated into research options and evaluated against six criteria (Answerability, Feasibility, Effectiveness, Impact on equity and an additional two based on the category of research options: Novelty and Relevance for description-type, Potential for burden reduction and Deliverability for intervention-related options). Stakeholders (n = 14) assigned relative weights to each criterion, and options were ranked according to their weighted research priority scores.ResultsWith input from 46.9% of eligible researchers (n = 307) from 35 countries, 1,361 questions were consolidated into 102 options. Evaluations showed strong agreement between experts, and the top 25 priorities were identified. The results highlight the need for further knowledge about the epidemiology, etiology, and consequences of problem gambling. Top-priority topics indicate the importance of focusing on vulnerable and minority groups, youth, significant others, technological innovations, advertisements, the convergence of gaming and gambling, and co-occurring conditions. Evaluating and tailoring existing measures were prioritised more highly than new interventions, and identifying factors underlying treatment seeking, drop-out and relapse was also considered a priority.ConclusionsThis initiative successfully involved the global research community in identifying gambling research priorities. The results provide information for researchers and other stakeholders for future projects and funding
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
HPV Vaccination in Switzerland: Knowledge, Attitude, and Effectiveness
No full textHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) accounts for nearly all cases of cervical cancer. We wanted to know if, since its introduction in vaccination programs in 2007, we could observe a reduction in the prevalence of oncogenic HPV in vaccinated populations compared to unvaccinated populations. The conclusions of this research work are that, given the effectiveness of this vaccine for reducing the prevalence of HPV strains, it must be better implanted and promoted in the general population. The target population must be better informed about HPV-related infections and the benefit from getting vaccinated against it in order to increase the vaccination coverage rate. Finally, the use of self-sampling will have to be part of a broader program to monitor the effectiveness of vaccination
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
La vaccination HPV pour la prévention du cancer du col de l’utérus : état des lieux, évaluation et perspectives
No full textHPV vaccination and screening to preventing cervical cancer: the road to elimination
No full textINTRODUCTION : We can estimated that there are nearly 45 million deaths from cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers worldwide, all of which could be prevented if a sufficient preventive measures for HPV screening and vaccination can be implemented.
OBJECTIVES : The aim of the present habilitiation thesis is to present a synthesis of the research work that I have published on the subject of HPV vaccination and HPV screening.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Study 1 aimed to assess the coverage of HPV vaccination among a group of future health professionals, including midwives and nurses, through using a self-sampling technique. The findings here indicated that the prevalence of HPV6/11/16/18 was lower in vaccinated women versus unvaccinated women. Study 2 therefore sought to follow on by developing an understanding of knowledge and attitudes towards the HPV vaccine for healthcare undergraduates (both male and female). The findings indicated a poor understanding of the HPV infection and its prevention, which were then further investigated. Study 3 therefore focused on identifying the factors hindering or promoting HPV vaccination. Taken together, all 3 studies indicate that average vaccination rates are closely related to the information provided on HPV infection and prevention.Study 4 included a randomized controlled trial which revealed that self-sampling is an alternative to conventional cervical cancer screening, by increasing participation and adherence to screening. Subsequently, study 5 involved a systematic review to investigate the use of self-sampling in Latin America (a country that has high incidence and mortality rates relating to cervical cancer). The findings indicate that self-sampling is an acceptable screening method amongst Latin American women, being associated with important factors such as comfort and privacy.
CONCLUSION : Taken together, the studies reviewed demonstrate the need to provide increased access to key prevention strategies through vaccination and self-screening. There is also a clear need to provide information to the vaccine audience, which should be a key focus for prevention programmes. These findings can be used to inform public health policy on HPV prevention efforts.</p
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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