377,449 research outputs found
Musculoskeletal Disordes in the Jaw-Face and Neck
No full textBecause different diseases in the jaw-orofacial region may give rise to similar symptoms, proper examination and diagnosis must precede treatment. Musculoskeletal disorders in the jaw-face region, generally termed craniomandbular disorders (CMD), are as prevalent as the two major dental diseases, caries and periodontitis, and constitute a signifiant health problem. There is a strong female preponderance among patients seeking care for CMD, and symptoms and signs are more frequent, severe, and longer-lasting in women than in men. Between 65% and 95% of CMD patients who seek care for the first time are reported to improve. A new concept for natural jaw function suggests that ”functional jaw movements” are the result of jointly activated jaw and neck muscles, leading to simultaneous movements in the temporomandibular, atlanto-occipital, and cervical spine joints, and that these jaw and head-neck movements have neural commands in common, are preprogammed, and are innate. Accordingly, natural jaw function, by definition, includes integrative jaw-neck behavior. A new explanatory model for the development of pain and dysfunction in the jaw-face in subjects with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) proposes because natural jaw actions require a healthy state of the temporomandibular. atlanto-occipital, and cervical spine joints, it can be assumed that an injury to or disease of any of these three joint systems might derange natural jaw motor control. Based on findings of disturbed jaw-neck function in WAD, a new treatment model is suggested for patients with jaw-face pain and dysfunction and WAD. The rationale behind this approach is that intervention of jaw function by definition includes neck function. Results from implementation of this treatment model, showing improvement of magnitude and speed for both mandibular and head-neck movements, are reported. Finally, an appropriate term for the clinical condition comprising both jaw-face and head-neck pain and dysfunction is cervicocraniomandibular disorders (CCMD).</p
A hydrometric analysis of the Moose Jaw River near Burdick (05JE006): Temporal trends and frequency analyses for mean, minimum, and maximum flows
Full text linkA hydrometric analysis over the available historical record (1973-2010) was conducted for the Moose Jaw River station near Burdick in south-central Saskatchewan, Canada. Frequency analyses on mean monthly, average annual, monthly minimum/maximum, and annual minimum flows generally yielded poor fits, and problems with negative flow predictions for mid- to long-term return periods regardless of distribution type. The annual maximum streamflow time series is reasonably well-described by linear and log Pearson Type III distributions, although both distribution types underestimate extreme maximum flows. Mann-Kendall linear time series analysis on mean monthly and annual streamflows reveals no trend in annual water yields, nor in mean monthly flows between March and October. There is ambiguity as to whether statistically significant negative time trends in overwinter period mean monthly flows and monthly minimum/maximum flows for the hydrometric station are real or whether they represent a change in measurement technique/calibration during the mid-/late-1980s
A Generalized Formulation for High Reslution Schemes Using Modified Eigenvalues Approach
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A study of receptors in jaw muscles of the rat and other vertebrates
Full text linkThe masseteric nerve supplying rat deep masseter muscle was traced from serial paraffin sections. The number of myelinated axons counted in a plastic transverse section close to its entrance into the muscle was 2120. Extrafusal muscle fibre counts of rat deep masseter (71,400 fibres) and anterior digastric (5,400 fibres) muscles have been performed and were found to be 2 to 3 times higher than Hiiemae's count (1971). The number of muscle spindles in deep masseter ranged from 86 to 134 and were mostly distributed in an anterior cluster. Using glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence, the extrafusal muscle fibres of deep masseter and anterior digastric muscles were found to be adrenergically innervated, in the respective proportions of 40% and 55%. It was found that some spindle capsules (about one third) received such innervation at their equatorial region. According to histo- eind immunohistochemical reactions, the masseter muscle is uniformly composed of type IIA fibres, except for a small number of slow oxidative fibres which were restricted to spindle-cluster areas. Three types of intrafusal muscle fibre similar to those in rat hindlimb muscle were recognized. The morphology of muscle spindles in deep masseter muscle was studied with light microscopy using serial plastic sections. The number of intrafusal muscle fibres was found to range from 2 to 7, usually one bag(_1), one bagg(_2) and 2-5 chain fibres. The lengths and diameters of the intrafusal muscle fibres and the capsules were obtained. The length of spindles ranged from 950 to 4000 µm and that of capsules from 400 to 2600 µm. The innervation of anterior cluster muscle spindles in deep masseter muscle and spindles in some hindlimb muscles of the rat was studied in teased, silver impregnated material. Analysis of the sensory innervation revealed the following unusual or unique features: a high number of afferents (1-6) innervating the sensory region of each spindle; some la axons branched to supply primary endings to two bagj fibres in two separate spindles; some other la axons branched to supply primary and secondary endings in the same spindle; and some group II axons branched to supply two secondary endings in the same spindle. Some motor axons were found to be branched to supply small end plates to bagi fibres of some spindles in the anterior cluster, and therefore it is concluded here that some cluster spindles in deep masseter muscle receive dynamic β innervation. A comparative study of the occurrence of muscle spindles in jaw- closing muscles of other vertebrates revealed that they are present in frog and absent from newt and salmon
Present distribution of the threatened killifish Aphanius fasciatus (Actinopterygii, Cyprinodontidae) in the Maltese Islands
Full text linkA survey of the nine localities from which the threatened Killifish Aphanius fasciatus has been recorded in the Maltese Islands showed that large and thriving populations exist at Salina, at the Simar and Ghadira bird sanctuaries and in reservoirs at Marsa and Ghadira. The Simar and Ghadira populations are introduced and originate from a mixture of animals collected from Salina and Marsa. The provenance of the Marsa population is unknown but it is possibly autochthonous to the Marsa area. The Salina and possibly the Marsa populations seem to be the only remaining natural populations of this species in the Maltese Islands.peer-reviewe
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