1,720,999 research outputs found
Central sensitisation in knee osteoarthritis: relating pre-surgical brainstem neuroimaging and paindetect based patient stratification to arthroplasty outcome
Full text linkObjectives: the neural mechanisms of pain in knee OA are not fully understood: some patients have neuropathic‐like pain, associated with central sensitisation. We aimed to identify central sensitisation using neuroimaging and PainDETECT, and relate it to post‐arthroplasty outcome.Methods: patients awaiting arthroplasty underwent quantitative sensory testing, psychological assessment and functional neuroimaging (fMRI). fMRI was conducted during punctate (n=24) and cold pain stimulation (n=20) to the affected knee. Post‐operative outcome was measured using: Oxford Knee Score; moderate to severe long‐term pain after arthroplasty and a range of pain‐related questionnaires.Results: patients with neuropathic‐like pain pre‐surgery, identified using PainDETECT, reported significantly higher pain to punctate and cold stimuli, near the affected joint. In these patients and when compared to those without neuropathic‐like pain, neural activity was significantly lower in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and higher in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) during punctate stimulation, with significant functional connectivity between these two areas. Pre‐operative neuropathic‐like pain and higher neural activity in the RVM was associated with moderate to severe long‐term pain after arthroplasty.Conclusion: the psychophysical and neuroimaging data suggest that a subset of OA patients have centrally mediated pain sensitisation. This is likely due to supraspinally mediated reductions in inhibition, and increases in facilitation of nociceptive signaling, and was associated with a worse outcome following arthroplasty. The neurobiological confirmation of central sensitisation in patients with features of neuropathic pain, identified using PainDETECT, provides further support for the investigation of such bed‐side measures for patient stratification to better predict post‐surgical outcome
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Early life influences on serum 1,25 (OH) vitamin D
No full textThere is increasing evidence to support the role of the intrauterine and early postnatal environment in determining adult bone mass and risk of fracture. The mechanisms by which this occurs are uncertain but include perturbations in several endocrine axes. Vitamin D is integrally involved in bone metabolism and is therefore an ideal candidate. This study assesses whether birthweight and weight at 1 year of age are associated with the calcium vitamin D axis in elderly women.Vitamin D metabolites, parathyroid hormone, bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured in 129 healthy women (mean age 65.5 years) from the MRC Hertfordshire Cohort Study whose birthweight and weight at 1 year were available from records.Serum 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D concentrations were reduced with increasing weight at 1 year (19.1% reduction between the lowest and highest tertiles, P < 0.01). A similar, but weaker trend was seen for birthweight. These associations were not explained by serum levels of serum calcium, phosphate, PTH, creatinine or sex hormones. The association of serum calcium with 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D was greatest in the lowest tertile with little association in the highest tertile suggesting an increased sensitivity of renal 1-? hydroxylase in the lowest tertile. Highest levels of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D were associated with low BMD and high levels of urinary N-telopeptide suggesting that vitamin D metabolism may mediate the intrauterine and early postnatal environmental effects on adult BMD
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