1,720,960 research outputs found
Training CPR with a wearable real time feedback system
No full textWe present a study comparing the effect of real-time wearable feedback with traditional training methods for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The aim is to ensure that the students can deliver CPR with the right compression speed and depth. On the wearable side, we test two systems: one based on a combination of visual feedback and tactile information on a smart-watch and one based on visual feedback and audio information on a Google Glass. In a trial with 50 subjects (23 trainee nurses and 27 novices,) we compare those modalities to standard human teaching that is used in nurse training. While a single traditional teaching session tends to improve only the percentage of correct depth, it has less effect on the percentage of effective CPR (depth and speed correct at the same time). By contrast, in a training session with the wearable feedback device, the average percentage of time when CPR is effective improves by up to almost 25%.</p
”Stayin' Alive”: An interactive augmented: Reality CPR tutorial
No full textEducation is the Achilles heel of successful resuscitation in cardiac arrest. Therefore, we aim to contribute to the educational efficiency by providing a novel augmented-reality (AR) guided interactive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) "trainer". For this trainer, a mixed reality smart glass, Microsoft HoloLens, and a CPR manikin covered with pressure sensors were used. To introduce the CPR procedure to a learner, an application with an intractable virtual teacher model was designed. The teaching scenario consists of the two main parts, theory and practice. In the theoretical part, the virtual teacher provides all information about the CPR procedure. Afterward, the user will be asked to perform the CPR cycles in three different stages. In the first two stages, it is aimed to gain the muscle memory with audio and optical feedback system. In the end, the performance of the participant is evaluated by the virtual teacher.</p
Augmented-Reality Based Assistive Systems for Critical Medical Procedures
Full text linkAugmented reality (AR) holds significant potential to enhance human performance in high-stakes, safety-critical domains where errors can have severe consequences. By overlaying digital information directly into the user’s field of view, AR can support rapid decision-making, maintain situational awareness, and improve precision under critical conditions. However, the complexity of such domains and the limited scope of interdisciplinary research have hindered the development of suitable AR-based systems for these specific use cases.
This dissertation investigates how AR can be harnessed to improve human performance in tasks that require substantial cognitive effort, precise motor control, and rapid, complex decision-making under pressure. Critical medical procedures, in which these challenges are inherently present, serve as the primary context for investigation. Through an interdisciplinary approach that integrates computer science and medical practice, the work develops methods designed to support clinicians in high-demand environments.
To this end, this thesis first focuses on building foundational knowledge about the requirements for viable AR systems that can enhance human performance. It then explores the design space and impact of AR for procedural and motor skill acquisition by examining nurse training in a cardiopulmonary resuscitation scenario. Following this, it investigates AR systems and their role in decision-making and cognitive support during high-risk procedures, with a specific focus on their integration into pancreatic tumor removal surgery. Through clinical trials, it further examines the downstream, real-world impacts of such systems on surgical performance and patient outcomes. Finally, it explores context-aware AR designs using large language models to provide additional cognitive support and decision-making capabilities. Drawing on all of these investigations, the thesis distills design implications for the future development of AR systems in high-stakes medical environments.Augmented Reality (AR) birgt ein erhebliches Potenzial zur Steigerung der menschlichen Leistungsfähigkeit in risikoreichen, sicherheitskritischen Bereichen, in denen Fehler schwerwiegende Folgen haben können. Durch die direkte Einblendung digitaler Informationen in das Sichtfeld des Benutzers kann AR die schnelle Entscheidungsfindung unterstützen, das Situationsbewusstsein aufrechterhalten und die Präzision unter kritischen Bedingungen verbessern. Die Komplexität solcher Bereiche und der begrenzte Umfang der interdisziplinären Forschung haben jedoch die Entwicklung geeigneter AR-basierter Systeme für diese spezifischen Anwendungsfälle behindert.
Diese Dissertation untersucht, wie AR genutzt werden kann, um die menschliche Leistungsfähigkeit bei Aufgaben zu verbessern, die erhebliche kognitive Anstrengungen, präzise motorische Kontrolle und schnelle, komplexe Entscheidungen unter Druck erfordern. Kritische medizinische Verfahren, bei denen diese Herausforderungen von Natur aus vorhanden sind, dienen als primärer Untersuchungskontext. Durch einen interdisziplinären Ansatz, der Informatik und medizinische Praxis integriert, entwickelt die Arbeit Methoden zur Unterstützung von Klinikern in anspruchsvollen Umgebungen.
Zu diesem Zweck konzentriert sich diese Arbeit zunächst auf den Aufbau von Grundlagenwissen über die Anforderungen an funktionsfähige AR-Systeme, die die menschliche Leistungsfähigkeit verbessern können. Anschließend untersucht sie den Gestaltungsraum und die Auswirkungen von AR auf den Erwerb von Verfahrens- und Motorikfähigkeiten, indem sie die Ausbildung von Krankenschwestern in einem Szenario der Herz-Lungen-Wiederbelebung untersucht. Danach untersucht sie AR-Systeme und ihre Rolle bei der Entscheidungsfindung und kognitiven Unterstützung während risikoreicher Eingriffe, wobei ein besonderer Schwerpunkt auf ihrer Integration in die Operation zur Entfernung von Bauchspeicheldrüsentumoren liegt. Anhand klinischer Studien werden darüber hinaus die nachgelagerten, realen Auswirkungen solcher Systeme auf die chirurgische Leistung und die Patientenergebnisse untersucht. Schließlich werden kontextsensitive AR-Designs unter Verwendung großer Sprachmodelle untersucht, um zusätzliche kognitive Unterstützung und Entscheidungsfähigkeiten zu bieten. Auf der Grundlage all dieser Untersuchungen werden in der Arbeit Designimplikationen für die zukünftige Entwicklung von AR-Systemen in medizinischen Umgebungen mit hohem Risiko abgeleitet
Training CPR with a Wearable Real Time Feedback System
Full text linkWe present a study comparing the effect of real-time wearable feedback with traditional training methods for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The aim is to ensure that the students can deliver CPR with the right compression speed and depth. On the wearable side, we test two systems: one based on a combination of visual feedback and tactile information on a smart-watch and one based on visual feedback and audio information on a Google Glass. In a trial with 50 subjects (23 trainee nurses and 27 novices,) we compare those modalities to standard human teaching that is used in nurse training. While a single traditional teaching session tends to improve only the percentage of correct depth, it has less effect on the percentage of effective CPR (depth and speed correct at the same time). By contrast, in a training session with the wearable feedback device, the average percentage of time when CPR is effective improves by up to almost 25%
DEMO: "Stayin' Alive": An Interactive Augmented - Reality CPR Tutorial
Full text linkEducation is the Achilles heel of successful resuscitation in cardiac arrest. Therefore, we aim to contribute to the educational efficiency by providing a novel augmented-reality (AR) guided interactive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) "trainer". For this trainer, a mixed reality smart glass, Microsoft HoloLens, and a CPR manikin covered with pressure sensors were used. To introduce the CPR procedure to a learner, an application with an intractable virtual teacher model was designed. The teaching scenario consists of the two main parts, theory and practice. In the theoretical part, the virtual teacher provides all information about the CPR procedure. Afterward, the user will be asked to perform the CPR cycles in three different stages. In the first two stages, it is aimed to gain the muscle memory with audio and optical feedback system. In the end, the performance of the participant is evaluated by the virtual teacher
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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