239 research outputs found
An Exploratory Study into Open Source Platform Adoption
No full textResearch on open source software has focused mainly on the motivations of open source programmers and the organization of open source projects (Kogut and Metiu, 2001 and Lerner and Tirole, 2002). Some researchers portray open source as an extension of the earlier open systems movement (West and Dedrick, 2001). While there has been some research on open-systems software adoption by corporate MIS organizations (Chau and Tam, 1997) the issue of open source adoption has received little attention. We use a series of interviews with MIS managers to develop a grounded theory of open source platform adoption. We contrast this to prior academic and popular reports about the adoption of open source
Green IT
No full textWhile public awareness of global warming and environmental sustainability is growing, there is concern about the costs of shifting to a greener economy, especially in the current recession. In the case of climate change, the issue comes down to the relationship of economic output to greenhouse gas emissions, which has been labeled “carbon productivity.” Increasing carbon productivity means that economic growth, firm profits and worker wages can be sustained while emissions are reduced. If carbon productivity does not increase, there will be a stark trade-off between environmental stability and economic prosperity. Information technology has great potential to enhance carbon productivity, as IT is used to coordinate supply chains, make buildings, vehicles and highways more energy efficient, and allow workers to telecommute and videoconference instead of traveling. On the other hand, the production and use of computers is a fast-growing component of global energy consumption, a fact that must be balanced against the benefits of IT use. Other environmental issues such as disposal of electronic waste also must be considered. There is clearly a need for a broad-based academic research effort to address the relationship of IT to carbon productivity and other environmental issues, yet there is little published research on the subject. This tutorial will review existing “Green IT” research, raise issues for discussion, and lay out an agenda for future IT research
Green IS: Concepts and Issues for Information Systems Research
No full textWhile public awareness of environmental sustainability is growing, there is concern about the economic costs of shifting to a greener economy. In the case of climate change, a critical issue is the relationship of economic output to greenhouse gas emissions, which has been labeled carbon productivity. Increasing carbon productivity means that economic growth can be sustained while emissions are reduced. Information technology has great potential to enhance carbon productivity, as IT is used to increase the energy efficiency of buildings, transportation systems, supply chains and electrical grids. On the other hand, the production and use of computers is a fast-growing component of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, a fact that must be balanced against the benefits of IT use. Green IS refers to the use of information systems to achieve environmental objectives, while Green IT emphasizes reducing the environmental impacts of IT production and use. This article focuses primarily on Green IS. It reviews existing Green IS research, presents a model of IT investment and carbon productivity, and lays out suggestions for future research
Who profits from innovation in global value chains? A study of the iPod and notebook PCs
No full textThis article analyzes the distribution of financial value from innovation in the global supply chains of iPods and notebook computers. We find that Apple has captured a great deal of value from the innovation embodied in the iPod, while notebook makers capture a more modest share of the value from PC innovation. In order to understand these differences, we employ concepts from theories of innovation and industrial organization, finding significant roles for industry evolution, complementary assets, appropriability, system integration, and bargaining power. Copyright 2010 The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Associazione ICC. All rights reserved., Oxford University Press.
Offshoring and Outsourcing in the PC Industry: A Historical Perspective
No full textOffshoring and outsourcing of manufacturing and knowledge work is a highly visible and controversial issue in the public debate over the impacts of globalization. In their efforts to expand markets and optimize production for competitive advantage, firms distribute their activities around the world through their own offshore subsidiaries, by outsourcing to other firms, or both. This pattern is blamed by many critics for job losses in the U.S., while credited by others with benefiting U.S. firms, shareholders and consumers. In reality the impacts of offshoring and outsourcing are hard to measure as they can be subtle and indirect. For instance, there is no measure for jobs that were never created in the U.S. because new products were sourced from overseas from almost their inception. However, by observing one industry over time, it is possible to identify patterns in the location of production work and knowledge work, and to qualitatively assess the impacts of offshoring on firms and workers. Production work is operations-oriented and includes activities such as subassembly, final assembly and logistics. Knowledge work is innovation-oriented and includes activities such as R&gn and development of new products and process engineering. We focus on the PC industry, which offers an important case for understanding the forces that influence U.S. firms to outsource their activities, and for identifying the impacts of those decisions. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Mitos e Realidades sobre a Difusão do Comércio Eletrônico nas Empresas Brasileiras
No full textA difusão das tecnologias da informação, e mais recentemente da Internet vem gerando expectativas de transformações radicais na forma de funcionamento da economia mundial. Três hipóteses particularmente importantes pela sua abrangência são destacadas na literatura especializada e serão discutidas neste artigo com base em pesquisas empíricas sobre a difusão do comércio eletrônico conduzidas pelo projeto Globalization and Electronic Commerce, coordenado pela Universidade da Califórnia, Irvine. A primeira é que o processo de difusão do comércio eletrônico está bidirecionalmente associado ao processo de globalização. A segunda é que haveria uma "nova economia" baseada nas novas empresas intensivas em informação. A terceira hipótese analisada é que o comércio eletrônico reduz as desvantagens estruturais das micro e pequenas empresas, graças a seus impactos informacionais e espaciais. Com base em entrevistas com 200 empresas, a pesquisa revela que, pelo menos no caso do Brasil, tais hipóteses não estão se confirmando e que apesar da inegável importância do comércio eletrônico, a tecnologia não determina a estrutura da indústria nem modifica estratégias de globalização. Por outro lado, o artigo confirma que comércio eletrônico é uma importante ferramenta para ajudar empresas e países a desenvolverem trajetórias econômicas preexistentes.</jats:p
Strategic use of the Internet and e-commerce: Cisco Systems
No full textInformation systems are strategic to the extent that they support a firm's business strategy. Cisco Systems has used the Internet and its own information systems to support its strategy in several ways: (1) to create a business ecology around its technology standards; (2) to coordinate a virtual organization that allows it to concentrate on product innovation while outsourcing other functions; (3) to showcase its own use of the Internet as a marketing tool. Cisco's strategy and execution enabled it to dominate key networking standards and sustain high growth rates throughout the 1990s. In late 2000, however, Cisco's market collapsed and the company was left with billions of dollars in unsold inventory, calling into question the ability of its information systems to help it anticipate and respond effectively to a decline in demand. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V
Information systems and smart grid: New directions for the IS community
No full textWhile there is growing awareness that smart grid is an enabler of the new “green economy”, the IS academic community has been slow to recognize the challenges and opportunities it presents. So far there is little research in the IS field on smart grid technologies, yet this issue is closely linked to a number of common themes in the IS field. We identify some of the most salient issues in smart grid to the IS field and propose ways for the IS community to engage in this emerging example of the “internet of things”.is peer reviewedSubmitted by Serhiy Polyakov ([email protected]) on 2013-02-02T05:50:23Z
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