1,720,966 research outputs found
Can the association of adult lung function with weight in early life be explained by early life factors?
No full textIntroductionWeight in early life is known to be associated with forced vital capacity (FVC) in adulthood, but whether it is also associated with airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC) in adulthood is unclear. The observed association between weight in early life and lung function could be confounded by maternal risk factors, such as maternal smoking. Therefore, we examine whether maternal factors might explain this association.MethodsUsing linear regression among 3,832 participants of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, we examined the association of adult lung function (FVC and FEV1/FVC) with weight in early life (birth weight and weight gain in the first year of life). We then tested whether this association could be explained by maternal factors (maternal weight, height, BMI, age, smoking, education, socio-economic status and parity) by adjusting for them.ResultsFVC was positively associated with birth weight and weight gain. FEV1/FVC was not associated with birth weight and was negatively associated with weight gain. Mean FVC in adulthood (95%CI) increased by 86mL (51,121) and 24mL (7.7, 40) for each kilogram increase in birth weight and weight gain, respectively. One kg increase in weight gain was associated with a reduction of 0.003 units (-0.004,-0.001) of FEV1/FVC. Although several maternal factors were associated with both adult lung function and weight in early life, adjusting for them did not substantially alter the results.ConclusionAdult lung function and weight in early life were both associated with several early life factors, but these did not explain the association between adult lung function and weight in early life.<br/
Prediction of childhood obesity by infancy weight gain: an individual-level meta-anlysis
No full textTo assess the predictive ability of infant weight gain on subsequent obesity we performeda meta-analysis of individual-level data on 47 661 participants from 10 cohortstudies from the UK, France, Finland, Sweden, the US and Seychelles. For eachindividual, weight SD scores at birth and age 1 year were calculated using the sameexternal reference (British 1990). Childhood obesity was defined by InternationalObesity Task Force criteria. Each +1 unit increase in weight SD scores between 0 and1 year conferred a twofold higher risk of childhood obesity (odds ratio = 1.97 [95%confidence interval (CI) 1.83, 2.12]), and a 23% higher risk of adult obesity (oddsratio = 1.23 [1.16, 1.30]), adjusted for sex, age and birthweight. There was little heterogeneitybetween studies. A risk score for childhood obesity comprising weight gain0–1 year, mother’s body mass index, birthweight and sex was generated in a random50% selection of individuals from general population cohorts with available information(n = 8236); this score showed moderate predictive ability in the remaining 50%sample (area under receiving operating curve = 77% [95% CI 74, 80%]). A separate riskscore for childhood overweight showed similar predictive ability (area under receivingoperating curve = 76% [73, 79%]). In conclusion, infant weight gain showed a consistentpositive association with subsequent obesity. A risk score combining birthweightand infant weight gain (or simply infant weight), together with mother’s body massindex and sex may allow early stratification of infants at risk of childhood obesity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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