1,721,070 research outputs found
Understanding the role of social capital in adoption decisions : An application to irrigation technology
No full textRecently, social capital has gained importance in explaining technology adoption decisions by farmers. In this paper, we examine the impact of social capital on the adoption of irrigation technology and irrigation scheduling among wine producers in Central Chile. We propose three hypotheses: that trust and networks affect positively the adoption of both technologies (H1 and H2) and that trust is positively related to networks (H3). First, we identify seven different components of social capital: general trust, trust in institutions, trust in water communities, norms, formal networks, informal networks, and size of networks. Second, we estimate two Partial Least Squares models using as endogenous variables irrigation technology adoption and adoption of irrigation scheduling. Both models tested confirm the relevance of our interpretation of the use of social capital and its implications in understanding producers’ behaviour towards adoption of technologies. The three hypotheses tested positive. Trust in institutions, and formal and informal networks have a positive impact on the adoption of both technologies. General trust has a positive relationship with formal and informal networks. Human capital also has a strong relationship with networks, which allows us to argue that networks are the main catalysts of social capital. As expected, physical and human capital have a positive and significant relationship with adoption. Our results support that extension efforts should consider social networks, not just economic or individual-level predictors, in promoting agricultural innovations.</p
Factors influencing the adoption of soil conservation technologies in the rainfed area of Central Chile
No full textEl desarrollo de sistemas agrícolas
sustentables es un desafío en el contexto de
políticas e incentivos tendientes a la conservación
de los recursos naturales, especialmente en zonas
de secano. El presente estudio examina variables
demográficas y productivas que influyen en la
adopción de tecnologías de conservación de suelos
en 90 pequeños productores del secano interior
de Chile Central, en las comunas de Pencahue y
Curepto. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión Probit,
el cual asocia la adopción de las tecnologías con
las variables: edad del agricultor, tamaño familiar,
superficie predial y forma de tenencia de la tierra;
presencia de: plantaciones forestales, invernaderos,
aboneras, animales mayores en el predio;
experiencia en comercialización del productor
y participación en actividades de capacitación.
El modelo seleccionado tiene un alto poder de
predicción, llegando a clasificar correctamente
un 92,2% de las observaciones. Los resultados
econométricos muestran que la participación en
actividades de extensión, la superficie predial, la
presencia de plantaciones forestales y el uso de
aboneras, influyen de manera positiva y significativa
sobre la adopción de tecnologías conservacionistas.
Resulta relevante el impacto de la capacitación
sobre la adopción de tecnologías de alto grado de
inversión, así como la incorporación de prácticas
de conservación de bajo nivel de inversión como
las aboneras.The development of sustainable agricultural
systems is a challenge in the context of policies
and incentives aimed to the conservation
of natural resources, especially in rainfed
areas. This study examines demographic and
productive variables that influence the adoption
of soil conservation technologies (terraces and
infiltration trenches) in 90 small scale farmers
in the rainfed area of Central Chile, at the
municipalities of Pencahue and Curepto. A Probit
regression model was used which associates the
adoption of technologies with the variables such
as: age of farmer, family size, farm size, form
of land tenure; presence of: tree plantations,
greenhouses, composting and animals on
the farm; participation in training activities
and marketing expertise of the producer. The
estimated Probit model has a high predictive
power, reaching up to 92,2% of the correctly
classified observations. The econometrics results
show that the participation in training activities,
the farm size, the presence of forest plantations
and use of compost influence significantly and
positively on the adoption of soil conservation
technologies. The analysis not only reveals a
positive impact of training on the adoption of
high investment conservation practices but also
on the incidence of the simple technologies such
as use of compost.Fil: Roco Fuentes, Lisandro.
Universidad Católica del Maule. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y ForestalesFil: Engler Palma, Alejandra.
Universidad Católica del Maule. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y ForestalesFil: Jara-Rojas, Roberto.
Universidad de Talc
Criterios de clasificación y re-definición de un perfil comercial de la Agricultura Familiar Campesina, Región del Maule, Chile
No full textIn Chile, small-scale farmers are classified
according to old approaches from 1993 that
do not include changes occurred in the last
two decades. Maule is the region with most
rural population in Chile which represents a
significant stratum for development, innovation
and competitiveness. This study explores a new
approach of small-scale farmers -associated with
Family Farm Agriculture (AFC) - classification
in Chile and it describes a commercial profile
or AFC-1 for famers of the Maule Region. A
Cluster analysis to determine AFC-1 farmers
is used. The analysis includes four association
variables: Total Assets, Farm Income, Production
Costs and Management Indicators. The results
suggest that 16.4% of the farmers have a
commercial profile and they could stay out
support provided by the National Institute for
Agricultural Development (INDAP). This group of
farmers would not belong to AFC in short terms.
This fact could bring restriction to AFC-1 farmers
such as lack of credit access, less investment
incentives and technical assistance. Thus, it
would expect low process of technology adoption
and welfare improvement. New agrarian policies
must be warranted to support this important
group of famers with a commercial profile.El pequeño productor en Chile es clasificado
de acuerdo con criterios que datan desde 1993,
los que no incorporan los cambios producidos
en el medio rural en las últimas décadas. La
Región del Maule concentra la mayor proporción
de población rural de Chile, lo que representa
un estrato significativo para las estrategias de
desarrollo, innovación e inserción competitiva.
En este estudio se exploraron nuevos criterios
de clasificación del pequeño productor asociado
a la Agricultura Familiar Campesina (AFC) en
Chile, definiendo un nuevo perfil comercial
con énfasis en agricultores de la Región del
Maule. El perfil comercial se determinó a través
de un análisis cluster considerando cuatro
criterios de clasificación: Activos Totales, Ingreso
Agrícola, Costos de Producción y un Indicador
de Gestión. Del análisis se desprende que un
16,4% de los agricultores posee perfil comercial
(AFC-1) y podría dejar de cumplir los requisitos
establecidos por la Ley para ser usuarios del
Instituto de Desarrollo Agropecuario (INDAP).
En el corto plazo no serían parte de la AFC, lo
que presentaría ciertas restricciones y factores
que limitan la competitividad de este importante
segmento, tales como el acceso al crédito,
inversiones y asistencia técnica. Dichas variables
son clave en procesos de adopción de nuevas
tecnologías y mejoramiento del ingreso agrícola
y, por lo tanto, posibilitan la permanencia en esta
actividad económica. Políticas agrarias eficientes
deben ser consideradas para continuar apoyando
a este grupo de mayor capacidad empresarial.Fil: Jara-Rojas, Roberto.
Universidad de TalcaFil: Díaz Osorio, José.
Universidad de TalcaFil: Manríquez, Paula.
Universidad de TalcaFil: Rojas, Álvaro.
Universidad de Talc
Dimension that typify the potential consume of organic foods in the Maule Region, Chile
No full textAdasme-Berrios, C (Adasme-Berrios, Cristian)1; Jara-Rojas, R (Jara-Rojas, Roberto)3; Rodriguez, M (Rodriguez, Marcelo)2; Diaz-Tobar, B (Diaz-Tobar, Belen)1 _____________________________________________1. Univ Catolica Maule, Dpto Ciencias Agr, Fac Ciencias Agr & Forestales, Curico, Chile
2. Univ Catolica Maule, Fac Ciencias Basicas, Talca, Chile
3. Univ Talca, Dpto Econ Agr, Talca, ChileThe growing demand for the consumption of organic foods at worldwide level presents sales increasing by over five thousand million dollars per year. Demands extended to development countries like it is the Chilean case, which exports 90% of its production getting an internal market with low development for this type of products. The research tries to identify the constructs to characterize the potential consumers of organic foods. A survey was applied to 422 consumers to carry out the research in the Maule Region, central Chile (C. I. = 95.5%; e = 3.0%). The Information was analyzed through multivariante technic denominated factor analysis of principal components. The main results of the research reveal the existence of four dimensions or constructs, corresponding to: (1) benefits of the organic agriculture; (2) healthy feeding; (3) lifestyles; (4) attribute of organic foods. These four factors influence in the attitude and purchase intention for the consumers toward the organic foods. In addition being key elements when formulating market strategies for organic products
Dimension that typify the potential consume of organic foods in the Maule Region, Chile
No full textLa demanda creciente por alimentos
orgánicos presenta ventas por encima de
los cinco mil millones de dólares por año a
nivel mundial. Esta demanda también se
extiende a los países en desarrollo como es
el caso chileno, el cual exporta el 90% de su
producción, generando un mercado interno
poco desarrollado para este tipo de productos.
La presente investigación intenta identificar los
constructos que caracterizan los potenciales
consumidores de alimentos orgánicos. Para el
desarrollo del estudio se aplicó una encuesta a
una muestra de 422 consumidores de la Región
del Maule en Chile central (N. C. = 95,5%;
e = 3,0%). La información posteriormente fue
analizada a través de la técnica multivariante
denominada análisis factorial de componentes
principales. Los resultados de la investigación
revelan la existencia de cuatro dimensiones
o constructos: (1) beneficios de la agricultura
orgánica; (2) alimentación sana; (3) estilos
de vida y (4) atributos de los productos
orgánicos. Estas dimensiones influyen en la
actitud e intención de compra por parte de los
consumidores hacia los alimentos orgánicos y
son elementos clave para formular estrategias
de comercialización para productos orgánicos.The growing demand for the consumption
of organic foods at worldwide level presents
sales increasing by over five thousand million
dollars per year. Demands extended to
development countries like it is the Chilean
case, which exports 90% of its production
getting an internal market with low development
for this type of products. The research tries to
identify the constructs to characterize the
potential consumers of organic foods. A survey
was applied to 422 consumers to carry out the
research in the Maule Region, central Chile
(C. I. = 95.5%; e = 3.0%). The Information
was analyzed through multivariante technic
denominated factor analysis of principal
components. The main results of the research
reveal the existence of four dimensions or
constructs, corresponding to: (1) benefits of
the organic agriculture; (2) healthy feeding;
(3) lifestyles; (4) attribute of organic foods.
These four factors influence in the attitude
and purchase intention for the consumers
toward the organic foods. In addition being key
elements when formulating market strategies
for organic products.Fil: Adasme-Berríos, Cristian.
Universidad Católica del Maule. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Dpto. de Ciencias AgrariasFil: Rodríguez, Marcelo.
Universidad Católica del Maule. Facultad de Ciencias BásicasFil: Jara-Rojas, Roberto.
Universidad de TalcaFil: Díaz-Tobar, Belén.
Universidad Católica del Maule. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Dpto. de Ciencias Agraria
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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