1,720,958 research outputs found
XIX A. pabaigos–XX A. PRADŽIOS ESTIJOS KNYGŲPREKYBININKAI, LEIDĖJAI IR SPAUDOS DARBUOTOJAI
No full textThe article handles general developments and changes in book trade and book publishing which took place in Estonia during the second half of the 19th and in the early 20th century. The aim is to show the formation of bookshops trading with Estonian books, to analyse the activities of Estonian booksellers as publishers and their role in publishing books in the Estonian language. The paper is based on the retrospective national bibliography of Estonian books that were published from 1850 to 1917, on research literature and on the data collected by the author for her doctoral thesis.Tallinn University / Tallinn Technical University Library7 Akadeemia Road, 12611 Tallinn, EstoniaE-mail: [email protected] aptaria bendruosius Estijos knygų prekybos ir leidybos raidos bruožus, būdingus XIX amžiaus antrajai pusei ir XX amžiaus pradžiai. Jo tikslas – atskleisti Estijos knygų prekybos formavimąsi, išanalizuoti Estijos knygų prekybininkų vaidmenį leidžiant knygas estų kalba. Straipsnis remiasi Estijos retrospektyviosios nacionalinės bibiografijos (1850–1917) duomenimis, mokslinio tyrimo literatūra ir duomenimis, surinktais rengiant daktaro disertaciją.Knygos, laikraščiai ir žurnalai estų kalba atliko svarbų vaidmenį formuojant ir plėtojant tautinę savivoką ir tautinę kultūrą. Spaustuvių ir knygynų skaičius augo greitai. Kamet buvo leidžiama vis daugiau knygų estų kalba. Laikotarpio pabaigoje metinis leidinių skaičius išaugo dešimteriopai. Knygas daugiausia leido spaustuvės, knygynai, įvairios sąjungos ir patys autoriai. Bendras asmenų, susijusių tik su knygų leidyba, skaičius buvo nedidelis.1850–1917 metais buvo įkurti 263 knygynai, o 283 asmenys tapo knygynų savininkais bent kelerius metus. Knygų prekyba buvo populiari veiklos sfera, tačiau negarantavo pakankamų pajamų, todėl knygynai dažnai veikė kitose knygininkystės srityse, dažniausiai dalyvavo knygų leidyboje ir gamyboje. Iš 283 knygynų 83 taip pat dirbo kaip leidėjai. Retrospektyviosios nacionalinės bibliografijos duomenimis, knygų prekybininkai išleido 3210 knygų ir brošiūrų, o tai sudaro 22,7 proc. visos tuo laikotarpiu pasirodžiusios knygų produkcijos. Aktyviausiai knygų prekybininkai kaip leidėjai reiškėsi 1880–1900 metų laikotarpiu. Tie knygų prekybininkai, kurie pradėjo veiklą tais metais, iš viso išleido 1949 įvairius spaudos vienetus. Po 1850 m. į knygų leidybą įsitraukę knygų prekybininkai išleido 688 knygas, bet daugiausia jų (549) – Heinrichas Laakmannas. Knygų prekybininkai leidėjai, kurių veikla prasidėjo po 1901 metų, išleido tik 73 knygas. Tačiau tai nereiškia, kad XX a. pradžioje knygų prekybininkai prarado svarbą, nes tie, kurie pradėjo veiklą anksčiau, tuo metu vis dar tęsė darbą
Võõrkeelsete raamatute väljaandmine Eestis
No full textMitteeestikeelsete raamatute väljaandmine Eestis 19. sajandi lõpus ja 20. sajandi alguse
Eestis tegutsenud raamatukaupmeeste lühielulood (19. sajandi II pool, 20. sajandi algus)
No full text<p>1850-1917 Eestis tegutsenud raamatukaupmeeste lühielulood. Andmed on kogutud aastatel 2000-2010 arhiivimaterjalide, ajakirjanduse ning teatmeteoste põhjal. </p><p>Raamatukaupmehed ja raamatukauplused eesti 1850-1917</p>
BOOKSELLER AS A CULTURAL AGENT: BOOK TRADE IN ESTONIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH AND AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY
No full textThe article handles general developments and changes in book trade which took place in Estonia during the second half of the 19th century. The aim is to show the formation of bookshops trading with Estonian books and to analyse the activities of Estonian booksellers.The survey is based on the research literature and on the master thesis by Signe Jantson “Raamatukaubandus Eestis aastatel 1850–1917: raamatukauplused ja nende omanikud” (Book trade in Estonia 1850–1917: bookshops and their owners) [9]. In this study great importance wasattached to the national and social origin of bookshop owners and their activities. Up to the middle of the 19th century the book production and dissemination in Estonia was in the hands of Baltic German entrepreneurs and depended on the political and economic developments not only in Russia but also in Germany. In the middle of the 19th century there were only 5 bookshops in Estonia located in bigger towns – Tallinn and Tartu. In 1870 the number of bookshops reached 13. The greater ascent can be noticed in the last decade of the period – 1870–1880 when 20 new bookshops were opened. In 1867 Heinrich Laakmann, a German origin publisher and the printing shop owner opened the first bookshop in Tartu to sell Estonian language books. The economic and political reforms as well as the national awakening movement favoured the engagement of Estonians in the sphere of book production and dissemination. Increasing publishing of Estonian language books enabled the development of trade. At the end of the national awakening period most of the bookshop owners were already of Estonian origin. Since 1870ies the number of Estonian bookshops started to grow and at the end of the 19th century they outnumbered German and Russian shops. In all over Europe book trade concentrated into the big cities (in the case of Estonia in Tallinn and Tartu), but bookshops were opened also in the rural area (small towns and villages). Altogether 263 bookshops were founded in the second half of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century and 283 persons became bookshop owners (at least for some years). These figures allow to conclude that book trade was a popular sphere of activity. The most intensive was foundation of bookshops during 1898–1904. Legally it was not difficult to get a permission to open a bookshop but only few shops (31%) operated more than ten years; most often was that small shops operated up to five years. Trading with books did not guarantee sufficient income and the bookshop owners were often engaged in other spheres, mainly in book production and publishing. Majority of the Estonian origin bookshop owners derived from the peasant families and made up the first generation in book trade business. The newcomers had not enough education nor experience in the field. The most important achievement can be seen in the fact that bookshops were opened in all over Estonia that guaranteed dissemination of Estonian language books to all stratums of the society
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Activity-Based Costing (ABC) and Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC): Applicable Methods for University Libraries?
No full textObjective – This article provides an overview of how university libraries research and adapt new cost accounting models, such as “activity-based costing” (ABC) and “time-driven activity-based costing” (TDABC), focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of both methods to determine which of these two is suitable for application in university libraries.
Methods – This paper reviews and summarizes the literature on cost accounting and costing practices of university libraries. A brief overview of the history of cost accounting, costing, and time and motion studies in libraries is also provided. The ABC and the TDABC method, designed as a revised and easier version of the ABC by Kaplan and Anderson (Kaplan & Anderson 2004) at the beginning of the 21st century, as well as the adoption and adaptation of these methods by university libraries are described, and their strengths and weaknesses, as well as their suitability for university libraries, are analyzed.
Results – Cost accounting and costing studies in libraries have a long history, the first of these dating back to 1877. The development of cost accounting and time and motion studies can be seen as a natural evolution of techniques which were created to solve management problems. The ABC method is the best-known management accounting innovation of the last 20 years, and is already widely used in university libraries around the world. However, setting up an ABC system can be very costly, and the system needs to be regularly updated, which further increases its costs. The TDABC system can not only be implemented more quickly (and thus more cheaply), but also can be updated more easily than the traditional ABC, which makes the TDABC the more suitable method for university libraries.
Conclusion – Both methods are suitable for university libraries. However, the ABC method can only be implemented in collaboration with an accounting department. The TDABC method can be tested and implemented by separate departments, and thus can contribute to the provision of better and more effective library services at lower costs. However, the involvement of experts in costing and accounting is recommended
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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