454 research outputs found
Correction to: Comparing the UK EQ-5D-3L and English EQ-5D-5L Value Sets
No full textThe article Comparing the UK EQ-5D-3L and English EQ-5D-5L Value Sets, written by Brendan Mulhern, Yan Feng, Koonal Shah, Mathieu F. Janssen, Michael Herdman, Ben van Hout, Nancy Devlin was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on February 23, 2018 without open access
Feasibility and validity of the EQ-5D-3L in the elderly Europeans: a secondary data analysis using SHARE(d) data
No full textBuchholz I, Marten O, Janssen MF. Feasibility and validity of the EQ-5D-3L in the elderly Europeans: a secondary data analysis using SHARE(d) data. Quality of Life Research. 2022;31(11):3267–3282.Purpose: To determine feasibility and validity of the EQ-5D-3L in the elderly European population.
Methods: Secondary data analysis based on the study of health, ageing, and retirement in Europe (SHARE) to determine the percentage of missing items for EQ-5D dimensions and EQ VAS, and to demonstrate convergent/divergent validity with measures included in the SHARE survey. Known-groups validity was tested using literature-based hypotheses. Correlation coefficients and Cohen's f are reported.
Results: Missing values were below 3% across all EQ-5D dimensions and gender strata, slightly increasing with age. Individuals' responses to each EQ-5D dimension were related to their ratings of other measures in expected directions. The EQ VAS and all EQ-5D dimensions (except anxiety/depression) moderately to strongly correlated with physical [e.g. number of limitations in activities of daily living (ADL): r = 0.313-0.658] and generic measures [CASP (control, autonomy, self-realization, pleasure)-19 scale, self-perceived health, number of symptoms: r = 0.318-0.622], while anxiety/depression strongly correlated with the EURO-D scale (r = 0.527). Both EQ-5D dimensions and EQ VAS discriminated well between two [or more] groups known to differ [e.g. anxiety/depression discriminated well between persons classified as depressed/not depressed using the EURO-D scale, f = 0.51; self-care differentiated best between individuals without and with 1 + ADL limitations, f = 0.69]. Sociodemographic variables like gender, education, and partner in household were hardly associated with EQ VAS scores (f < 0.25).
Conclusion: With item non-response of less than 3%, good discriminatory, and construct properties, the EQ-5D-3L showed to be a feasible and valid measure in the elderly Europeans
Agent-Based Modelling for Security Risk Assessment
No full textSecurity Risk Assessment is commonly performed by using traditional methods based on linear probabilistic tools and informal expert judgements. These methods lack the capability to take the inherent dynamic and intelligent nature of attackers into account. To partially address the limitations, researchers applied game theory to study security risks. However, these methods still rely on traditional methods to determine essential model parameters, such as payoff values. To overcome the limitations of traditional methods, we propose an approach which combines agent-based modelling with Monte Carlo simulations. Agent-based models allow more realistic representation of essential aspects and processes of socio-technical systems at cognitive, social and organisational levels. Such models can be used to estimate risks and parameters related to them. An application of the approach is illustrated by a case study of an airport security checkpoint.Air Transport & Operation
Feasibility and validity of the EQ-5D-3L in the elderly Europeans: a secondary data analysis using SHARE(d) data
No full textPURPOSE: To determine feasibility and validity of the EQ-5D-3L in the elderly European population. METHODS: Secondary data analysis based on the study of health, ageing, and retirement in Europe (SHARE) to determine the percentage of missing items for EQ-5D dimensions and EQ VAS, and to demonstrate convergent/divergent validity with measures included in the SHARE survey. Known-groups validity was tested using literature-based hypotheses. Correlation coefficients and Cohen’s f are reported. RESULTS: Missing values were below 3% across all EQ-5D dimensions and gender strata, slightly increasing with age. Individuals’ responses to each EQ-5D dimension were related to their ratings of other measures in expected directions. The EQ VAS and all EQ-5D dimensions (except anxiety/depression) moderately to strongly correlated with physical [e.g. number of limitations in activities of daily living (ADL): r = 0.313–0.658] and generic measures [CASP (control, autonomy, self-realization, pleasure)-19 scale, self-perceived health, number of symptoms: r = 0.318–0.622], while anxiety/depression strongly correlated with the EURO-D scale (r = 0.527). Both EQ-5D dimensions and EQ VAS discriminated well between two [or more] groups known to differ [e.g. anxiety/depression discriminated well between persons classified as depressed/not depressed using the EURO-D scale, f = 0.51; self-care differentiated best between individuals without and with 1 + ADL limitations, f = 0.69]. Sociodemographic variables like gender, education, and partner in household were hardly associated with EQ VAS scores (f < 0.25). CONCLUSION: With item non-response of less than 3%, good discriminatory, and construct properties, the EQ-5D-3L showed to be a feasible and valid measure in the elderly Europeans
Perverse effects of other-referenced performance goals in an information exchange context
No full textA values-centered leadership model comprised of leader stakeholder and economic values, follower values congruence, and responsible leadership outcomes was tested using data from 122 organizational leaders and 458 of their direct reports. Alleviating same-source bias concerns in leadership survey research, follower ratings of leadership style and follower ratings of values congruence and responsible leadership outcomes were collected from separate sources via the split-sample methodology. Results of structural equation modeling analyses demonstrated that leader stakeholder values predicted transformational leadership, whereas leader economic values were associated with transactional leadership. Follower values congruence was strongly associated with transformational leadership, unrelated to transactional leadership, and partially mediated the relationships between transformational leadership and both follower organizational citizenship behaviors and follower beliefs in the stakeholder view of corporate social responsibility. Implications for responsible leadership and transformational leadership theory, practice, and future research are discussed
Time perspective profile and self-reported health on the EQ-5D
No full textObjectives: Time perspective (TP) is a psychological construct that is associated with several health-related behaviours, including healthy eating, smoking and adherence to medications. In this study, we aimed to examine the associations of TP profile with self-reported health on the EQ-5D-5L and to detect which domains display response heterogeneity (cut-point shift) for TP. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of EQ-5D-5L data from a representative general population sample in Hungary (n = 996). The 17-item Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory was used to measure individuals' TP on five subscales: past-negative, past-positive, present-fatalist, present-hedonist and future. The associations between TP subscales and EQ-5D-5L domain scores, EQ VAS and EQ-5D-5L index values were analysed by using partial proportional odds models and multivariate linear regressions. Results: Respondents that scored higher on the past-negative and present-fatalist and lower on the present-hedonist and future subscales were more likely to report more health problems in at least one EQ-5D-5L domain (p < 0.05). Adjusting for socio-economic and health status, three EQ-5D-5L domains exhibited significant associations with various TP subscales (usual activities: present-fatalist and future, pain/discomfort: past-negative and future, anxiety/depression: past-negative, present-fatalist, present-hedonist and future). The anxiety/depression domain showed evidence of cut-point shift. Conclusions: This study identified response heterogeneity stemming from psychological characteristics in self-reported health on the EQ-5D-5L. TP seems to play a double role in self-reported health, firstly as affecting underlying health and secondly as a factor influencing one’s response behavior. These findings increase our understanding of the non-health-related factors that affect self-reported health on standardized health status measures.</p
EQ-5D-3L Norms for the European Older Population: Country-Specific Norms for 15 European Countires Based on the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe
No full textObjectives: This study presents a country-specific 3-level version of EQ-5D population norms for the European older population. Methods: Norm data were obtained from the fourth wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, and determined, for each EQ-5D dimension, the EQ–visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) and EQ-5D index values by 7 age groups and sex for 15 European countries. The EQ-5D index values were calculated using the European VAS value set for all countries. Results: Data resulting from 50 013 older respondents (mean age 65.9 years, range 50-111 years, 55.6% women) revealed an increasing number of self-reported health problems on EQ-5D dimensions and decreasing EQ-VAS scores with increasing age and for women compared with men. There are notable differences between countries in terms of the age gradient, the proportion of respondents in full health, and sex. Across all age groups, problems with pain & discomfort are the most frequent (36%-73% any problems), whereas problems with self-care are the least frequent (3%-31% any problems). The mean EQ-VAS score is 71.2 and the mean European VAS score is 0.79. Conclusions: Given the growing number of older adults and elderly people in Europe, these population norms provide a valuable source of reference data that can be used to compare older adults or patient subgroups to the average of the general elderly population in a similar age or sex group in 15 European countries. The index value results may be further used to assess the burden of disease across older European populations and to identify the unmet needs of targeted older patient populations
A Direct Comparison of the Measurement Properties of EQ-5D-5L, PROMIS-29+2 and PROMIS Global Health Instruments and EQ-5D-5L and PROPr Utilities in a General Population Sample
No full textObjectives: We aimed to compare measurement properties of the 5-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) and 2 Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) short forms, PROMIS-29+2 and PROMIS Global Health (PROMIS-GH-10), and of EQ-5D-5L and PROMIS-preference scoring system (PROPr) utilities. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a general population sample in Hungary (N = 1631). We compared the following measurement properties at the level of items, domains, and utilities, the latter using corresponding US value sets: ceiling and floor, informativity (Shannon's indices), agreement, convergent, and known-group validity. For the analyses, PROMIS items/domains were matched to EQ-5D-5L domains that cover similar concepts of health. Results: The majority of PROMIS items showed enhanced distributional characteristics, including lower ceilings and higher informativity than the EQ-5D-5L. Good convergent validity was established between EQ-5D-5L and PROMIS domains capturing similar aspects of health. Mean EQ-5D-5L utilities were substantially higher than those of PROPr (0.864 vs 0.535). EQ-5D-5L utilities correlated moderately or strongly with PROPr (r = 0.61), PROMIS-GH-10 physical (r = 0.68), and mental health summary scores (r = 0.53). EQ-5D-5L utilities decreased with age, whereas PROPr utilities slightly increased with age. EQ-5D-5L utilities discriminated significantly better in 12/28 (ratio of F-statistics) and 18/26 (area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve ratio) known groups defined by age, self-perceived health status, and self-reported physician-diagnosed health conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and stroke. Conclusions: This study provides comparative evidence on the measurement properties of EQ-5D-5L, PROMIS-29+2, and PROMIS-GH-10 and informs decisions about the choice of instruments in population health surveys for assessment of patients’ health and for cost-utility analyses.</p
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textWound infections are an emerging medical problem worldwide, frequently neglected in under-resourced countries. Bacterial culture and antimicrobial drug resistance testing of infected wounds in patients in a rural hospital in Ghana identified no methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae but identified high combined resistance of Enterobacteriaceae against third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones
- …
