134,341 research outputs found
Comment on Phosphorylation adjacent to the nuclear localization signal of human dUTPase abolishes nuclear import: structural and mechanistic insights by Rona et al. (2013)
No full textno abstract availabl
Basis of cargo recognition by importin αs: the power of structure.
No full textIn this issue of Structure, Pumroy and colleagues have solved the crystal structure of the influenza virus polymerase PB2 C-terminal domain complexed with different Importin αs. Combining molecular dynamics with structural and biochemical data, the so-far elusive basis for selectivity of binding to distinct different importin αs is beginning to become accessible
Human CMV Polymerase Holoenzyme Nuclear Import: Regulation by PKC Phosphorylation of Processivity Factor ppUL44
No full textReplication of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome takes place in the nuclei of infected cells and is mediated by a viral-encoded DNA polymerase complex, formed by the catalytic subunit pUL54 and the processivity factor ppUL44, which tethers the catalytic subunit to DNA. ppUL44 dimerizes in the cytoplasm of infected cells before being translocated to the nucleus and has been proposed to act as a scaffold promoting the assembly of several HCMV replication fork proteins, such as pUL54 and the DNA uracil glycosylase pUL114. Although both pUL44 and pUL54 contain importin α/β recognized nuclear localization signals (NLSs) they are also capable of being imported into the nucleus as a complex. Whereas ppUL44 nuclear import is a CK2-phosphorylation enhanced process, pUL54’s is not. Here we show that ppUL44 nuclear import is likely to be also negatively regulated by protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of residue T427. As shown by quantitative confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis of live COS-7 cells expressing several ppUL44 GFP and DsRed2 fusion proteins, Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced PKC activation resulted in reduction of the nuclear accumulation of GFP-UL44 but not of the non phosphorylable A427 derivative mutant. In the absence of PMA, the phosphomimetic D427 derivative mutant exhibited reduced nuclear import when compared to the wild-type and the A427 mutant. Since ppUL114 nuclear accumulation seems to be dependent on ppUL44, we suggest that the phosphorylation state of ppUL44 could regulate the nuclear import rate of the HCMV DNA polymerase holoenzyme, and other viral proteins such as ppUL114
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
Get PDFInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
FIGURE 2. Hystrignathus rigidus Leidy, 1850. Female. SEM images. A. Habitus. B, C. Cervical region. D in Redescription of the females of Hystrignathus rigidus Leidy, 1850 (Nematoda: Hystrignathidae), parasites of Odontotaenius disjunctus (Coleoptera: Passalidae) from eastern USA
No full textFIGURE 2. Hystrignathus rigidus Leidy, 1850. Female. SEM images. A. Habitus. B, C. Cervical region. D. Cephalic end, en face view. E. Cervical spines at midpoint of the spiny region. F. Cervical spines at the end of the spiny region. Scale bars: A. 0.5 mm. B. 0.2 mm. C. 0.1 mm. D. 0.02 mm. E. 0.03 mm. F. 0.05 mm.Published as part of Morffe, Jans, García, Nayla & Davis, Andrew K., 2015, Redescription of the females of Hystrignathus rigidus Leidy, 1850 (Nematoda: Hystrignathidae), parasites of Odontotaenius disjunctus (Coleoptera: Passalidae) from eastern USA, pp. 131-136 in Zootaxa 3941 (1) on page 135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3941.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/24121
FIGURE 3. Rhigonema naylae n in Rhigonema naylae n. sp. (Rhigonematomorpha: Rhigonematidae) a new parasitic nematode from a Japanese polydesmid millipede (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae)
No full textFIGURE 3. Rhigonema naylae n. sp. SEM images. A. Female cephalic end, dorso-lateral view. B. Male cephalic end, en face view. C. Male oral opening. D. Male tail region, ventro-lateral view. E. Male tail end showing the arrangement of the postcloacal papillae, lateral view. F. Spicule everted from cloaca, lateral view. Scale bars: A, E. 20 µm. B, C, F. 10 µm. D. 50 µm.Published as part of Morffe, Jans & Hasegawa, Koichi, 2017, Rhigonema naylae n. sp. (Rhigonematomorpha: Rhigonematidae) a new parasitic nematode from a Japanese polydesmid millipede (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae), pp. 277-286 in Zootaxa 4269 (2) on page 283, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4269.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/58203
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
FIGURE 4. Travassosinema claudiae n in Morphological and molecular characterization of Travassosinema claudiae n. sp. (Oxyuridomorpha: Travassosinematidae) from the Japanese millipede Parafontaria laminata (Attems, 1909) (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae)
No full textFIGURE 4. Travassosinema claudiae n. sp. Male, SEM images. A. Habitus, ventro-lateral view. B. Cephalic end, en face view. C. Cloacal region, lateral view. D. Cloacal region, ventro-lateral view. E. Cloacal region, posterior view. F. Cloacal region, dorso-lateral view. Scale bars: A, F. 20 µm. B. 2 µm. C, D, E. 5 µm.Published as part of Morffe, Jans & Hasegawa, Koichi, 2017, Morphological and molecular characterization of Travassosinema claudiae n. sp. (Oxyuridomorpha: Travassosinematidae) from the Japanese millipede Parafontaria laminata (Attems, 1909) (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae), pp. 166-178 in Zootaxa 4282 (1) on page 174, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4282.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/81857
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
Get PDFBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
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