2 research outputs found
Between Kremlin influence and Ukrainian independence: The presidents of Ukraine from Kravchuk to Poroshenko
No full textThe article analyzes the Kremlin’s influence on the presidents of Ukraine from Leonid Kravchuk to Petro Poroshenko, highlighting the complex relations and efforts to gain independence from Russia. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukraine struggled to build its independence amid strong pressures from the Kremlin. Each president had a different approach to relations with Russia. Leonid Kravchuk tried to balance cooperation with independence – an extremely challenging task for the newly formed state. Leonid Kuchma, after initially seeking to build positive relations with the West, turned significantly towards the Kremlin during his second term. His presidency was marked by corruption and the strengthening of oligarchic structures. Viktor Yushchenko, emerging from the Orange Revolution, aimed to make Ukraine independent despite internal conflicts and pressures from the Kremlin. Viktor Yanukovych strengthened ties with Moscow, leading to massive social protests during the Maidan and his eventual escape to Russia. Petro Poroshenko, who took office during a crisis, sought to strengthen Ukraine’s independence and tighten relations with the West. Despite some successes, his term was also marked by difficulties related to corruption and oligarchic structures. The current situation, a full-scale war initiated by the Russian Federation in 2022, highlights that the challenges of maintaining Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity remain relevant. The pursuit of complete independence from Russian influence remains a priority, requiring consistent actions and international support
Zastosowanie kartograficznego systemu informacji w waloryzacji przyrodniczej na przykładzie gminy Tarnowo Podgórne
No full textIn the present research work it is showed the available cartographic resources which find practical application, particularly, in the works within the sphere of regional planning. It is confined to the ones which are made accessible by the government, trade offices or educational establishments. There are presented the ones which are published on the basis of technical instruction which determinate recurrence in respect of theme regardless of place, time and the author study. There have been taken into consideration cartographic materials in the analogue and numerical form. There are presented the topographic maps in system "65", "92", topographical data base, VMapL2, geological maps, soil-agricultural maps, hydrographie maps and sozological maps. The above mentioned materials were used in eco-physiographic study for Tarnowo Podgórne Community. The studies are documentations written out to needs of regional planning and studies which describe particular components of natural environment and their interrelationships. The final effect of this work was to determine usefulness of community area for the invest needs. In the synthetic way, in the cartographic form, there was presented the helpfulness of analyzed components. There was obtained the spatial layout of putting together value of analyzed parameters and afterwards the areas were classified. The classification allows to show terrains which are the most advantageous for the definite directions of management, in the case of the present study - for building purposes
