289 research outputs found
Designing for separation anxiety: Engaging connection and building trust
No full textDSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #17132 on 2022-04-29 at 16:08:58Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T21:58:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2021-12-10Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 123408
Lift date: 2024-04-29T21:58:46Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemAuthor requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimitedSubmission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2023-12-01The student, Eunji Kim, accepted the attached license on 2021-12-08 at 09:46.The student, Eunji Kim, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2021-12-08 at 09:49.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2021-12-10 at 10:02."""The bird fights its way out of the egg. The egg is the world, and whoever will be born must destroy the world."" - Demian, Hermann Hesse.
As they grow old, babies develop attachment and bonding to their guardians, particularly their mothers. It is a natural human tendency to be excessively reliant on one's parents because they are incapable of surviving without their assistance. In being helped, and their instinctive needs are satisfied, the baby develops attachment and bonding to the guardian who helps them. While an infant develops a connection to a guardian, they may show anxiety and be extra clingy when separation occurs. Many parents and children suffer from these problems, as the parents cannot always be alongside the children. Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) could lead to perpetual psychological issues throughout the children's adulthood. Ultimately the goal of a child is to be self-sufficient and independent from their guardian. Along the way, the guardian must be aware of the children's needs and help them cope with the problem.
Within this study, separation anxiety is covered following the infant's cognitive development and how it can be possibly treated. Also, while referencing the traditionally applied or accepted treatment methods, I explored the tangible and intangible design options that could connect children to their parents to soothe their anxiety and help them form a secure attachment to their guardians, and eventually help them be independent.
Two essays in finance
No full textThe student, Eunji Oh, accepted the attached license on 2019-07-03 at 09:31.The student, Eunji Oh, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-07-03 at 09:40.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-07-03 at 13:11.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14146 on 2019-11-26 at 13:04:22Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-26T20:49:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2019-07-03The first essay examines whether systematic equity risk of firms reflects the risk of their R&D strategies at various angles. More novel R&D strategy is risky because it can be related to more extreme outcome. This risk could indirectly affect the firm’s systematic risk. In the case of success of the strategy, the productivity of technologies developed by novel R&D strategy could be procyclical; thus public firms with more novel technologies could be more subject to the aggregate risk. To investigate this problem, I devise an ex-ante measure for the novelty of innovation, Tech Synthesis Level (below TSL), which quantifies the degree that new technology is drawn from prior technologies in the far different technological fields, using patent citations. I find that patents with high TSL are associated with more extreme technological outcomes both at patent-level and startup-level. At public firm analyses, I find that high TSL is associated with high abnormal returns by 2.532 percent (annualized) and high systematic volatility. These findings support the hypothesis that a failure probability of the R&D project increases systematic risk. I also find evidence that high TSL patents are technologically more productive when aggregate innovation is very active, so firms with high TSL patents are subject to high systematic equity risk.
The second essay studies the effect of intangible collateral, which has gradually increased since the ’90s, by testing hypotheses inspired by [Ai et al., 2018]’s collateralizability premium. Firms with more collateralizable capital have lower stock returns due to the insurance effect of the capital during economic recessions when financial constraints get tighter. If intangible collateral also can relax financial constraint, firms with intangible collateral are expected to have lower stock returns than the other similar firms without collateralizable intangible capital. I add empirical evidence by using Dealscan data of US-originated secured long-term loans. I find that firms using intangibles as collateral in addition to traditional collateralizable assets have higher stock returns than the other firms pledging only tangible assets to secure corporate loans. Also, they could achieve the similar or even slightly higher level of leverage, implying intangible collateral also can relax financial constraint. This is not assumed possible in many theoretical and empirical studies. Even with matching analysis I find that firms pledging intangible capital as collateral still have higher stock returns than the other similar firms without intangible collateral. The empirical evidence I find does not fully support the collateralizability premium hypothesis.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2021-08-01Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112924
Lift date: 2021-11-26T20:49:41Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 112924 on 2021-11-27T10:15:30Z
Working Paper No. 88, Algorithms and Thorstein Veblen’s ‘Machine Process’
No full textThis inquiry seeks to establish that the ‘machine process’ which Thorstein Veblen introduced into the Economics literature back in 1904, exhibits similarities to algorithms that are readily found in contemporary times--more than one hundred years on. In The Theory of Business Enterprise [1904] (2005), Veblen defines the machine process as a system that prioritizes efficiency, standardization, and automation. Relatedly, this inquiry argues that algorithms are based upon similar principles and exhibit similar tendencies that yield similar outcomes. Additionally, this inquiry explores the institutional role of algorithms, elaborating upon how their increasing prevalence and solidification might serve to enhance efficiency in such areas as financial systems, hiring processes, consumer markets, and the like. Furthermore, it shall be argued that much like the machine process which Veblen detailed, algorithms should also be understood as further reinforcing structures that serve to perpetuate and even exacerbate social inequalities. As uses of algorithms expand for shaping decision-making processes, concerns over fairness, accessibility, and ethical accountability become increasingly urgent. While algorithms appear to serve as powerful tools promoting economic progress, their unchecked advances should be examined critically for promoting tendencies that further exacerbate and entrench social hierarchies
Working Paper No. 101, “Universal Welfare” in Marxist Thought, and Its Implementation During the Era of the Soviet Union
No full textThis inquiry seeks to establish that although in his writings Karl Marx emphasized “Universal Welfare” as a central ideal, its appearance and realization in the Soviet Union was affected by tensions between ideology and the realities of centralized economic control. The first section explores Marx’s vision of universal welfare as a structural component of a post-capitalist society rooted in collective ownership and human emancipation. The second section examines how the Soviet Union institutionalized welfare across sectors such as education, healthcare, housing, and employment, while access to these services was often influenced by labor contribution and political loyalty. The final section analyzes how bureaucratic inefficiencies and hierarchical governance limited the system’s capacity to fulfill Marx’s understanding of egalitarian aims. By focusing on this gap between ideology and institutional reality, this inquiry reveals how structural design could indeed shape, and sometimes undermine, the implementation of social ideals. Journal o
Ultra-Stable Titanium Carbide MXene Functionalized with Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines
No full text2D transition metal carbides (MXenes) obtained from bulk M(n+1)AX(n) (n = 1, 2, 3, or 4) phases are an intriguing class of crystalline solids with unique physicochemical properties for promising applications such as batteries, capacitive energy storage, and electrocatalysis. One of the obstacles that must be overcome for technical applications is that MXene flakes delaminated in aqueous conditions suffer from phase transition and/or structural decomposition over time. Herein, a simple but powerful strategy to enhance their stability by passivating vulnerable edges on the delaminated MXene (Ti3C2Tx) with heterocyclic aromatic amines is reported. In particular, pyrrole-functionalized MXenes are found to facilitate anti-oxidation in aqueous solutions at room temperature over 700 days, at 70 degrees C over 42 days, and even with a strong oxidizer (H2O2, 9.70 mmol) over 50 days. On the other hand, the as-prepared MXene solution lost its color within a month at room temperature, a day at 70 degrees C, and 5 min in the presence of H2O2 (9.70 mmol). Density functional theory calculations indicate that chemical interactions between MXene and pyrrole are extremely strong and involve the formation of Ti-C bonds. Furthermore, pyrrole-functionalized MXenes exhibit higher electrochemical performance than pristine MXenes as a supercapacitor.11Nsciescopu
A human-machine collaborative approach measures economic development using satellite imagery
No full textMachine learning approaches using satellite imagery are providing accessible ways to infer socioeconomic measures without visiting a region. However, many algorithms require integration of ground-truth data, while regional data are scarce or even absent in many countries. Here we present our human-machine collaborative model which predicts grid-level economic development using publicly available satellite imagery and lightweight subjective ranking annotation without any ground data. We applied the model to North Korea and produced fine-grained predictions of economic development for the nation where data is not readily available. Our model suggests substantial development in the country’s capital and areas with state-led development projects in recent years. We showed the broad applicability of our model by examining five of the least developed countries in Asia, covering 400,000 grids. Our method can both yield highly granular economic information on hard-to-visit and low-resource regions and can potentially guide sustainable development programs. © 2023, The Author(s).11Nsciescopu
Loss of IQSEC3 Disrupts GABAergic Synapse Maintenance and Decreases Somatostatin Expression in the Hippocampus
No full textGephyrin interacts with various GABAergic synaptic proteins to organize GABAergic synapse development. Among the multitude of gephyrin-binding proteins is IQSEC3, a recently identified component at GABAergic synapses that acts through its ADP ribosylation factor-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (ARF-GEF) activity to orchestrate GABAergic synapse formation. Here, we show that IQSEC3 knockdown (KD) reduced GABAergic synaptic density in vivo, suggesting that IQSEC3 is required for GABAergic synapse maintenance in vivo. We further show that IQSEC3 KD in the dentate gyrus (DG) increases seizure susceptibility and triggers selective depletion of somatostatin (SST) peptides in the DG hilus in an ARF-GEP activity-dependent manner. Strikingly, selective introduction of SST into SST interneurons in DG-specific IQSEC3-KD mice reverses GABAergic synaptic deficits. Thus, our data suggest that IQSEC3 is required for linking gephyrin-GABAA receptor complexes with ARF-dependent pathways to prevent aberrant, runaway excitation and thereby contributes to the integrity of SST interneurons and proper GABAergic synapse maintenance. © 2020 The Author(s)
In this study, Kim et al. investigate the effect of loss of function of IQSEC3, a gephyrin-binding GABAergic synapse-specific ARF-GEF, using hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG)-specific IQSEC3-knockdown (KD) mice. Strikingly, IQSEC3 KD causes a massive reduction of somatostatin (SST) expression. The restricted SST expression in SST+ interneurons reverses the pathological phenotypes. © 2020 The Author(s)1
Graphene Nanoribbon Hybridization of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Membranes for Intrinsic Molecular Separation
No full textZeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are promising for gas separation membrane, but their molecular cut-off differs from that expected from its intrinsic aperture structure because of their flexibility. Herein, we introduced graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) to rigidify the ZIF framework. Because the sp(2) edge of the GNRs induces strong anchoring effects, the modified layer can be rigidified. Particularly, when the GNRs were embedded and distributed in the ZIF-8 layer, an intrinsic aperture size of 3.4 angstrom was observed, resulting in high H-2/CO2 separation (H-2 permeance: 5.2x10(-6) mol/m(2) Pa s, ideal selectivity: 142). The performance surpasses the upper bound of polycrystalline MOF membrane performance. In addition, the membrane can be applied to blue H-2 production, as demonstrated with a simulated steam reformed gas containing H-2/CO2/CH4. The separation performance was retained in the presence of water. The fundamentals of the molecular transport through the rigid ZIF-8 framework were revealed using molecular dynamics simulations.
The impact of perioperative CA19-9 change on the survival and recurrence patterns after adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in resectable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
No full textBackgrounds: Perioperative CA19-9 value in pancreato-biliary cancers has been recognized as a prognostic factor. Herein, we investigated survival differences and recurrence patterns after adjuvant chemoradiotherapy by perioperative CA19-9 change in surgically resected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Methods: Patients were divided into those with preoperative normal CA19-9 (Group 1, n=52), those with high preoperative and normalized postoperative CA19-9 (Group 2, n=80), and those with both high pre- and postoperative CA19-9 (Group 3, n=21). Results: Depending on the group defined above, the 5-year overall survival (OS) (59.6%, 38.7%, and 9.5%, P<0.001) and disease-free survival (55.8%, 31.2%, and 9.5%, P<0.001) between the three groups differed. On multivariable analysis in patients other than group 1, poor prognosticators for OS were high postoperative CA19-9 (HR 2.26, P=0.008) and N1 disease (HR 2.33, P=0.001). Group 3, compared with group 2, showed higher distant metastasis rate, shorter disease-free interval, and higher CA19-9 at the time of recurrence. Conclusions: Survival and recurrence patterns after adjuvant chemoradiotherapy are significantly affected by perioperative CA19-9 change. This may have important implications in patient selection for adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and clinical trial design.N
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