621 research outputs found
Trust on Instagram (Gottschlich & Winkelmann, Jan. 2021)
No full textBachelor thesis from Jens Gottschlich & Max Winkelmann
Quelques problèmes méthodologiques de la recherche sur le droit administratif des pays socialistes
No full textSome Methodological Problems Arising in Research in Administrative Law in Socialist Countries.
This note is based on a study by Horst Winkelmann on the doctrine of Soviet Administrative Law destined to inform the Federal German reader on the role of the Administrative organ within the Soviet system.
Winkelmann notes the absence of a distinction between real and legal acts; between general and specific ones; and between acts which determine relations inside the administrative apparatus from those which concern outsiders. All of these distinctions exist within the framework of the West German doctrine.
Following his analysis of the character of the administrative act, Winkelmann criticizes its judicial short-comings. He observes namely, that an essential trait of Soviet Administrative Law is the fact that the principle of reappraisal does not exist; whereas it is respected in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Hungary.
The preceding analyses serve as a backdrop for Jan Badkowski's comparisons on the state of the matter in different East-European countries.Cette note est une réflexion sur la monographie publiée par Horst Winkelmann sous le titre : « Die Lehre vom Verwaltungshandeln in der sowjetischen Verwaltungs- lehre» (Berlin, Duncker und Humblot), qui a pour but d'informer le lecteur d'Allemagne fédérale sur le système de droit administratif soviétique et de définir la place et le rôle de l'organe administratif dans le cadre de ce système.
Winkelmann constate une absence de distinction entre l'acte réel et l'acte de droit, entre les actes généraux et les actes concernant des sujets donnés, entre les actes qui règlent des relations à l'intérieur de l'appareil administratif et les actes qui s'adressent aux personnes se trouvant en dehors de cet appareil, toutes distinctions qui existent dans la théorie ouest-allemande.
Après avoir analysé le caractère de l'acte administratif, l'auteur s'intéresse à ses défauts juridiques. Il montre notamment que le trait essentiel du droit administratif soviétique est l'inexistence du principe de remise en cause de l'acte administratif alors que ce principe est respecté en Pologne, en Tchécoslovaquie, en Yougoslavie et en Hongrie. Ce qui amène Jan Badkowski à procéder à une rapide analyse comparative de la situation en ce domaine dans les divers pays est-européens.Badkowski Jan. Quelques problèmes méthodologiques de la recherche sur le droit administratif des pays socialistes. In: Revue d’études comparatives Est-Ouest, vol. 6, 1975, n°4. pp. 235-249
The Invisible Dutch - a Pilot Study Evaluating Dutch Migrants’ Path to New Zealand from 1996 to 2006. NCRE Online Paper No. 06/02, August 2006
No full text[From the Introduction]. Are the Dutch in New Zealand invisible? It seems to be a good way of describing Dutch immigrants to New Zealand, especially when looking at the last ten years. There is not much known on the movements of recent Dutch immigrants, nor are records available how to contact them. The Netherlands government, represented at the Royal Netherlands Embassy, keeps no records of Dutch immigrants to New Zealand. According to arrival statistics there are at least a few thousand of (former) Dutch residents in New Zealand who arrived from 1996 onwards. Only in 2005/2006 1702 work permits have been approved for Dutch citizens and over the last five years approximately 2000 residence permits have been submitted and approved1. These numbers do not seem to be very impressive on a population of approximately four million, but even then can make a difference in a country that is economical dependent on the supply of immigrants. There is quite a lot of recent research available on immigrants, but research conducted at recent immigrants from specific ethnicities or nationalities is scarce, especially on smaller immigration groups like the Dutch nowadays. Research documents produced by the Department of Labour (2002; , 2006b; , 2006) mostly produce aggregated data for regions like Europe and Russia or Western Europe and the United States. In previous research Dutch migrants were often mentioned as a separate group, nowadays the Dutch seem to have lost their special position and differentiations undertaken less frequent. Where research exists on recent migration groups, this research has a strong econometric accent and is mainly based on a comparison of groups through data from New Zealand Statistics (Boyd, 2003; Poot & Cochrane, 2005; Winkelmann, 2000, 2002; Winkelmann & Winkelmann, 1998a, 1998b). Although these analyses are very useful, they do not differentiate between recent Dutch migrants and migrants that have been in New Zealand for a much longer period
Multiple Losses, Ex-Ante Moral Hazard, and the Non-Optimality of the Standard Insurance Contract
No full textUnder certain conditions the optimal insurance policy will offer full coverage above a deductible, as Arrow and others have shown long time ago. Interestingly, the same design of insurance policies applies in case of a single loss and ex-ante moral hazard. However, many insurance policies provide coverage against a variety of losses and the possibilities for the insured to affect the probabilities of each possible loss might be substantially different. The optimal design of a insurance contract providing coverage against different losses therefore should generally differ from the standard form under moral hazard. The paper concentrates on the conditions under which the standard insurance contract holds under moral hazard and more than one loss. It gives some evidence that many insurance contracts should be split up. The main result is, that the relative changes of probabilities due to precautious activities are decisive. On the other hand, under moral hazard it is rarely ever optimal to combine two losses in one insurance contract prescribing only a single deductible for both losses if both losses can occur simultaneously.insurance, multiple losses,moral hazard
Deductible or Co-Insurance: Which is the Better Insurance Contract under Adverse Selection?
No full textThe standard solution to adverse selection is the separating equilibrium introduced by Rothschild and Stiglitz. Usually, the Rothschild-Stiglitz argument is developed in a model that allows for two states of the world only. In this paper adverse selection is dis-cussed for continuous loss distributions. This gives rise to the new problem of finding the proper form of an insurance contract to impose partial insurance of the low risks. This paper contributes to the discussion on optimal insurance. It analyzes two basic forms of insurance contracts: A contract with a deductible and a contract imposing a positive co-insurance rate. Since high risks can always self-reveal themselves as high risks and buy the optimal insurance contract at high risks’ premiums the Pareto-superior insurance contract is the one that leaves the low risks with higher expected utility while deterring high risks from joining the contract that is designed for low risks. The deductible contract turns out to be superior if premiums contain a sufficiently high loading.Insurance, Adverse Selection, Deductible, Co-Insurance
Optimal Insurance Contracts without the Non-Negativity Constraint on Indemnities Revisited
No full textIn the literature on optimal indemnity schedules, indemnities are usually restricted to be non-negative. Gollier (1987) shows that this constraint might well bind: insured could get higher expected utility if insurance contracts would allow payments from the insured to the insurer at some losses. However, due to the insurers’ cost function Gollier supposes, the optimal insurance contract he derives underestimates the relevance of the non-negativity constraint on indemnities. This paper extends Gollier’s findings by allowing for negative indemnity payments for a broader class of insurers’ cost functions.Insurance, Indemnity, Deductible, Co-Insurance
Veränderungen von Schülervorstellungen durch Experimentieren
No full textIm Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts „Fachwissenszuwachs durch Schüler- und Demonstrationsexperimentein der geometrischen Optik“ (Winkelmann & Erb, 2014) wurde im Winter 2013/14 an 22 hessischenSchulklassen unter anderem der Lernzuwachs nach einer Intervention erhoben.Die Unterrichtseinheit wurde auf drei verschiedene Arten durchgeführt, wobei der Grad der Schüleraktivitätvariiert wurde: 1. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler erhielten eine detaillierte Experimentieranleitung(„Kochbuch“), 2. die Schülerinnen und Schüler erhielten einen Arbeitsauftrag zum Experimentieren(„Guided“), 3. die Lehrkraft führte die Experimente vor („Demo“). Das Ziel einer im Rahmen einer WissenschaftlichenHausarbeit zum Ersten Staatsexamen durchgeführten Fragebogenerhebung war es, herauszu finden, welche Auswirkung die Art des Experimentierens auf die Schülervorstellungen hat. In diesemArtikel werden die Ergebnisse der Erhebung vorgestellt. Hierzu wird der Fokus auf den Zusammenhangzwischen Antwort und der Begründung der Schülerinnen und Schüler gelegt. Zusätzlich wird die Einschätzungder Schülerinnen und Schüler darüber, wie sicher sie sich bei der Beantwortung der Fragen waren,diskutiert
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