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Lactarius aspideus (FL: Fr. ) Fr.
No full textLactarius aspideus (FL: Fr.) Fr. Agaricus aspideus Fr.: Fr., 1821: 63; Lactarius aspideus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr., 1838: 336. Type: Not selected; described from Sweden. EXCLUDED: Lactarius aspideus ss. Konrad & Maublanc (= L. flavidus). A small to medium-sized, lilac staining Lactarius wiiln a viscid, straw-yellow to pale cream cap; cap margin finely velutinous in young specimens; growing with Salix. DESCRIPTION: Cap 10-70 mm, at first convex with inrolled margin and slightly depressed centre, then applanate; surface smooth, at margin finely velutinous in young specimens and finely crenulate in older specimens, shiny, viscid to sticky, later almost dry, usually azonate but sometimes with one or a few zones, straw-yellow to pale chrome or pale cream, sometimes with brownish grey watery spots in older specimens, sometimes with lilac tinges. Gills broadly adnate to decurrent, rather narrow, fairly crowded to crowded, rarely forked, whitish chrome to pale cream or cream, turning greyish lilac when bruised. Stem 10-65 X 5-17 mm, cylindric to clavate; surface smooth, greasy, pale straw-yellow to pale cream, not pitted but sometimes with darker yellowish spots, turning greyish lilac when bruised. Flesh rather fragile, solid in the stem, white, slowly turning greyish lilac to pale lilaceous grey when cut, but lilaceous colours disappearing after some hours; smell weak, slightly fruity; taste mild, then becoming bitter. Milk rather abundant, white, unchanging when isolated from the flesh, but drying greyish lilac; taste mild, then bitter and aromatic. Spore deposit pale spores 6.7-9.5 X 5.6-7.8 um, av. 7.8-8.8 X 6.3-7.4 um, subglobose no ellipsoid, Q = 1.05-1.35, av. 1.18-1.24; ornamentation up to 0.5 um high, completely or almost completely reticulate, in a somewhat zebra-like pattern, often with seemingly fissured ridges; isolated warts very rare; plage sometimes slightly amyloid in the distal part. Basidia 35-40 X 9-11 um, cylindric to subclavate, (2- or) 4-spored. Pleuromacrocystidia abundant, fusiform with a moniliform or mucronate apex, 40-65 (~85) x 6-10 um, thin-walled. Gill edge sterile; cheilomacrocysticlia 30-40 x 6-8 um, fusiform to irregularly cylindric, with a moniliform apex; paracystidia 10-25 X 3-6 um, cylindric to subclavate, hyaline and thin-Walled. Pileipellis an ixocutis, 40-70 um thick; hyphae 2-4 um broad, hyaline, repent or slightly ascending. ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION: Found from the end of June to October with Salix in grass or on naked soil in humid localities, often at lake shores. It is Widely distributed but rather uncommon throughout the area.Published as part of Jacob Heilmann-Clausen, Annemieke Verbeken & Jan Vesterholt, 1998, The Genus Lactarius, Copenhagen :Danish Mycological Society on page 9
Lactarius dryadophilus Kühner
No full textLactarius dryadophilus Kühner Lactarius dryadophilus Kühner, 1975a: 68. Holotype: Norway, Hardanger (LY). SYNONYM: Lactarius dryadophilus var. saliceticola Bon and Jamoni in Jamoni and Bon, 1992b: 21. A medium-sized to large, lilac staining Lactarius with cream-coloured, viscid cap with a bearded margin; growing in arctic and alpine areas. DESCRIPTION: Cap 30-100(-150) mm, at first convex with a slightly depressed centre and decurved or inrolled margin, sometimes slightly umbonate; surface sticky, viscid, at the margin bearded and tomentose with up to 2 mm long hairs, whitish chrome to pale cream or warm buff but more brownish in the centre, azonate or slightly zonate. Gills adnate, medium broad, crowded, often forked, whitish to pale cream, later pinkish buff. Stem 20-30 x 15-20 mm, typically curved and tapering downwards; surface whitish to pale cream, sometimes yellowish at the base, very finely pitted or with ochraceous spots, especially towards the base. Flesh firm, becoming hollow in the stem, white, changing to lilac; smell fruity, sweetish; taste mild, like cedar wood to very slightly acrid. Milk white, changing to lilac in contact with the flesh. Spore deposit cream. Spores 9.3-11.8 x 7.2-9.2 um, av. 10.2-10.3 x 8.1-8.4 um, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, Q = 1.15-1.40, av. 1.22-1.27; ornamentation up to 0.3 um high, of rather fine and narrow ridges, often aligned but not forming a reticulum or at most a very incomplete one; isolated warts often elongate; plage inamyloid. Basidia 60-70 x 12-15 um, subclavate, 4-spored. Pleuromacrocystidia moderately abundant, 80-120 x 10-15 um, fusiform, tapering to a mucronate apex. Gill edge sterile; cheilomacrocystidia 40-60 x 7-9 um, fusiform; paracystidia 10-25 x 4-6(-10) um; cylindric to tortuous or clavate. Pileipellis an ixocutis to an ixotrichoderm, 150-200 um thick; hyphae 1-5 um broad, very thin-walled and shrivelled, gelatinized, repent or ascending, some with conspicuous incrustations. ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION: Found in arctic and alpine vegetation types on rich, calcareous soils, often in Dryas-rich grasslands. Rather rare and known from Fennoscandia, the Alps, the Pyrenees and Greenland, and occuring from August to mid September. DISCUSSION: The cap is tomentose only to a short distance from the margin, unlike in L. repraesentaneus, which also has more yellow colours, a longer stem and a different spore ornamentation. The original description of L. groenlandicus was partly based on this species, but recently lectotypified as a synonym of L. pubescens (Knudsen nda Lamoure, 1993).Published as part of Jacob Heilmann-Clausen, Annemieke Verbeken & Jan Vesterholt, 1998, The Genus Lactarius, Copenhagen :Danish Mycological Society on page 10
Lactarius glyciosmus (FL: Fr. ) Fr.
No full text<p>Lactarius glyciosmus (FL: Fr.) Fr.</p> <p>Agaricus glyciosmus Fr.: Fr., 1821: 72; Lactarius glyciosmus (FL: Fr.) Fr., 1838: 348. Type: Not selected; described from Sweden.</p> <p>A small to medium-sized Lactarius with pinkish buff colours and a smell like coconuts; associated with Betula.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION: Cap 12-45 mm, at first convex with a decurved margin, soon expanded to slightly depressed, sometimes with a small umbo; surface finely velutinous to squamulose, dry, pale to dark pinkish buff, greyish pink, clay-pink, dark greyish buff, smoke-grey, greyish brown or brownish olive, palest near margin, azonate or indistinctly zonate, zones clay-buff to fawn or paler, slightly hygrophanous. Gills slightly decurrent to decurrent, rather narrow to narrow, crowded, not forked, pale to dark pinkish buff, with age becoming spotted clay-buff to greyish brown. Stem 20-70 x 3- 10 mm, cylindric, often compressed or furrowed; surface smooth, slightly pruinose at the top, dry, olivaceous buff or pale to dark pinkish buff, turning greyish pink to clay-buff or cinnamon, often with whitish felt at the base. Flesh soft and fragile, stuffed or hollow in the stem, pale cream to dark pinkish buff, taste mild or slowly becoming slightly acrid; smell sweetish, fruity, like coconuts. Milk sparse to rather abundant. whitish; taste mild, soon moderately acrid. Spore deposit pale cream.</p> <p>Spores 5.7-8.6 x 4.5-70 um, av. 6.5-8.1 x 5.0-6.3 um, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid. Q = 1.15-1.40, av. 1.26-1.28; ornamentation 0.5-1.0 um high, of elongate warts and ridges, connected to form an incomplete, zebra-like reticulum, closed meshes numerous; plage inamyloid or irregularly amyloid in the distal part. Basidia 35-50 x 7-12 um, mostly subclavate, (2- or) 4-spored. Pleuromacrocystidia uncommon to abundant, 40-70 x 7-12 um, cylindric or subclavate, apex obtuse or mucronate. Gill edge heterogeneous; cheilomacrocystidia scattered to rather numerous, 25-60 x 5-9.5 um, cylindric to subelavate, mostly with obtuse apex. Pileipellis a poorly differentiated cutis with trichoderm-like tufts; hyphae 4-12 um broad.</p> <p>ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION: Typically associated with Betula, but according to Neuhoff (1956) it may also occur under Salix and Alnus. Common from the end of May through October in wet places with Sphagnum, as well as in grassy roadsides.</p> <p>DISCUSSION: Lactarius glyciosmus is a rather variable species. Typical specimens are easily distinguished from L. mammosus by the much paler colours and more slender stature. For microscopical differences, see under L. mammosus. Both species associate with Betula, but with marked differences in ecological preferences.</p>Published as part of <i>Jacob Heilmann-Clausen, Annemieke Verbeken & Jan Vesterholt, 1998, The Genus Lactarius, Copenhagen :Danish Mycological Society</i> on page 17
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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