338 research outputs found
Reply to Are There Really People with no Inner Voice?
No full textA commentary (Lind, 2025) on our recent paper (Nedergaard & Lupyan, 2025) claims that we have not provided evidence that there are people who completely lack inner speech. As we acknowledge in the original article, our data are consistent with there being a continuum of inner speech experience. Reasonable people can disagree about how far below the group mean a person must be before we can say that they lack what is for many a ubiquitous experience. In his commentary, the author goes further, however, arguing that it is impossible to ever show the absence of inner speech using self report. Rather than discounting claims of people who say they have little habitual inner speech on the grounds that they might experience some inner speech in some situations, we think it is much more interesting to treat their responses as real data and investigate the cognitive consequences of these self-reported differences
The open method of co-ordination and the analysis of mutual learning processes of the European employment strategy
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to address two normative and interlinked methodological and theoretical questions concerning the Open Method of Coordination (OMC): First, what is the most appropriate approach to learning in the analyses of the processes of the European Employment Strategy (EES)? Second, how should mutual learning processes be diffused among the Member States in order to be efficient? In answering these two questions the paper draws on a social constructivist approach to learning thereby contributing to the debate about learning in the political science literature. At the same time, based on the literature and participatory observations, it is concluded that the learning effects of the EES are probably somewhat larger than what is normally suggested, but that successful diffusion still depends on a variety of contextual factors. At the end of the paper a path for empirical research based upon a social constructivist approach to learning is suggested.OMC, Social constructivism, Learning, Discourse analysis, Policy diffusion, European Employment Strategy
The presence of UCP1 demonstrates that metabolically active adipose tissue in the neck of adult humans truly represents brown adipose tissue
No full textEmerging debates and resolutions in brown adipose tissue research
No full text100000062 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease
Control of fatty acid utilization in brown adipose tissue
No full textIn order to keep warm in cold surroundings, mammals have developed a mechanism for non-shivering thermogenesis. The major part of this heat production takes place in brown adipose tissue. The heat results from combustion of fatty acids. In experiments performed with isolated brown fat cells and mitochondria from hamsters and rats, the control of fatty acid utilization in the tissue has been investigated. Optimal conditions for fatty acid export from and for fatty acid combustion in brown fat cells have been established, and the effects of norepinephrine and insulin on the cells measured. Catecholamine sensitivity has been reintroduced into cells from cold-adapted animals. Factors which control peroxisomal β-oxidation and mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylation have been investigated. A hypothesis is suggested, according to which catecholamine- elicited increase in plasma membrane Na permeability leads to increased cytosolic Ca++ through the action of the mitochondrial Na+ /Ca++ exchange; such an increased cytosolic Ca++ concentration may have regulatory functions; eg. it may, by stimulation of the mitochondrial glycerol -3-phosphate dehydrogenase, direct fatty acids towards combustion (and not towards re-esterification) during thermogenesis. The heat production of norepinephrine-stimulated isolated brown fat cells has been directly measured; it is established that the capacity for heat production (about 0.3 W per gram wet weight) would be sufficient to counteract the heat loss of mammals in cold surroundings.</p
Effects of Cations on Brown Adipose Tissue in Relation to Possible Metabolic Consequences of Membrane Depolarisation
No full textPoor people in rich countries : the roles of global governance
No full textConnections between global governance and poverty are usually made in relation to what are loosely called ‘poor countries’ of the ‘global south’. However, global governance also significantly shapes dynamics of impoverishment in ‘rich countries’ of the ‘global north’. These impacts become the more apparent when global governance is understood to involve not only well-known intergovernmental agencies such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organisation, but also additional institutional forms such as transgovernmental networks and private regulatory mechanisms. This broad complex of global governance has often exacerbated poverty in the global north: e.g., through neglect of the issue; through marginalisation of the people affected; and through the promotion of neoliberal policy frames. At the same time, global governance has in other ways also promoted poverty alleviation in ‘high-income countries’: e.g., with rules that work in their structural favour; with policy learning; with rights discourses; and with some promotion of global-scale social democracy. Thus the challenge for efforts to reduce poverty in the global north is, on the one hand, to counter the negative implications of global governance and, on the other hand, to nurture the positive forces. Global coalitions of anti-poverty campaigners – in particular across north-south lines – could especially serve these politics
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