55 research outputs found
Is democracy the rule of majority chosen in elections?
No full textThe paper critically examines the conception of majoritarian democracy. In the second part of the text, the author introduces the definition of majoritarian democracy based on the Joseph Schumpeter’s theory of minimal democracy. The thesis of the paper is that electing the government by universal suffrage is neither necessary nor sufficient as a condition for a democratic regime. The concept of democracy is broader, including the catalogue of democratic values connected with the concept of democratic citizenship, special circumstances of political action and the limitation of government powers
Poland and Galicia in the Life and Work of Čeněk Zíbrt (A Sketch from the History of Czech Slavic Studies)
No full textThe study analyses cooperation and contacts of Čeněk Zíbrt, professor of cultural history, with Polish and in the Galician framework even with the Ukrainian scholars (especially Jan Karłowicz, Stanisław Ciszewski, Aleksander Brückner, Ivan Hnatjuk)
Democratic status of constitutional review of legislation
No full textConstitutional review of legislation is the power to examine
statutes for their conformity with the constitution. This competence
is performed by the judiciary. The origins of this institution
date back to XIX century and since that time constitutional review
of legislation has became an important institution in most democratic
states. In the paper, the author answers the most important
charge raised against constitutional review – that it lacks democratic
legitimacy. According to Jeremy Waldron, there is always
a loss to democracy when a majoritian decision is overruled by
a politically unaccountable court. As an answer to Waldron’s objection,
the author introduces three arguments for the democratic
status of constitutional review. These arguments point to three different
sources of legitimacy for constitutional review: democratic
will of the people, the principle of respect for the democratic reason,
and substantial democratic values.511701869Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczn
Safety of construction works in the vicinity of underground power networks
No full textW artykule przedstawiono jedno z większych wyzwań, jakie czeka na wykonawców, podczas realizacji większości prac budowlanych - praca w pobliżu podziemnych sieci elektroenergetycznych. Uszkodzenia sieci elektroenergetycznych wiążą się z ogromnym ryzykiem. Zdarza się, że są one przyczyną poważnych wypadków, w tym również ciężkich, zbiorowych i śmiertelnych. Statystyki zaraportowanych zdarzeń potencjalnie wypadkowych w latach 2015-2021 w badanym przedsiębiorstwie budowlanym pokazują, że zdarzenia, związane z uszkodzeniami podziemnych sieci elektrycznych, stanowią znaczący procent wszystkich raportowanych zdarzeń.The article presents one of the major challenges that await contractors during the implementation of most construction works - work in the vicinity of underground power grids. Damage to power grids carries enormous risks. It happens that they cause serious accidents, including serious, group and fatal ones. Statistics of reported near misses in the years 2015-2021 in the surveyed construction company show that events related to damage to underground electrical networks constitute a significant percentage of all reported events
Zezwolenie na wykonanie w Polsce orzeczenia sądu francuskiego. Glosa do postanowienia Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 30 września 2008 r. (II CSK 158/08)
No full textCommentary refers to the judgment given in the case of authorizing the enforcement in Poland the decision of the French court. This paper especially aims at analyzing the transitional provisions contained in Art 54 of the Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, done at Lugano on 16.09.1988 and in Art 66 of Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22.12.2000 on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters. The need to discuss these problems results from the fact that transitional provisions of the Lugano Convention and of Brussels I Regulation on enforcement of court judgments provoke in practice many interpretation doubts. Finally this commentary refers to the legal character of procedure before the court of 2nd instance, especially to the term “procedure in contradictory matters (Art 43(3) Council Regulation Brussels I and Art 37(1), Art 40(2) Lugano Convention).Komentarz odnosi się do orzeczenia wydanego w sprawie o zezwolenie na wykonanie w Polsce orzeczenia sądu francuskiego. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu w szczególności analizę przepisów przejściowych zawartych w art. 54 Konwencji o jurysdykcji i wykonywaniu orzeczeń w sprawach cywilnych i handlowych, sporządzonej w Lugano dnia 16.09.1988 r. oraz w art. 66 Rozporządzenia Rady (WE) nr 44/2001 z dnia 22.12.2000 r. w sprawie jurysdykcji i wykonywania orzeczeń sądowych w sprawach cywilnych i handlowych. Potrzeba omówienia tych zagadnień wynika z faktu, że przepisy przejściowe Konwencji lugańskiej i Rozporządzenia Bruksela I dotyczące wykonywania orzeczeń sądowych budzą w praktyce wiele wątpliwości interpretacyjnych. Wreszcie, niniejszy komentarz odnosi się do prawnego charakteru postępowania przed sądem drugiej instancji, w szczególności do pojęcia «postępowanie sporne» (art. 43 ust. 3 Rozporządzenia Rady Bruksela I oraz art. 37 ust. 1, art. 40 ust. 2 Konwencji lugańskiej)
Współpraca między sądami państw członkowskich przy przeprowadzaniu dowodów w sprawach cywilnych lub handlowych. Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości z dnia 17 lutego 2011 r. (C‑283/09)
No full textCommentary refers to the judgment of the Court of Justice EU relating to the interpretation of Council Regulation (EC) No 1206/2001 of 28 May 2001 on cooperation between the courts of the Member States in the taking of evidence in civil or commercial matters. This paper especially aims at interpretation Art 14 and Art 18 Regulation concern reimbursement of taxes and costs for the execution of the request performance of the taking of evidence. The need to discuss these problems results from the fact that the most often kind of requests concern the examination of witnesses. The aim of the Regulation No 1206/2001 is to make the taking evidence in a cross — border context: simple, effective and rapid.Komentarz odnosi się do orzeczenia Trybunału Sprawiedliwości UE dotyczącego wykładni rozporządzenia Rady (WE) nr 1206/2001 z dnia 28 maja 2001 r. w sprawie współpracy między sądami państw członkowskich przy przeprowadzaniu dowodów w sprawach cywilnych lub handlowych. Niniejszy dokument ma na celu w szczególności interpretację art. 14 i art. 18 rozporządzenia dotyczącego zwrotu podatków i kosztów wykonania wniosku o przeprowadzenie dowodu. Potrzeba omówienia tych problemów wynika z faktu, że najczęściej składane wnioski dotyczą przesłuchania świadków. Celem rozporządzenia nr 1206/2001 jest uczynienie przeprowadzania dowodów w kontekście transgranicznym: prostym, skutecznym i szybkim
Towards a soft concept of the state neutrality principle
No full textThe paper considers an important issue of the meaning ascribed to the state’s neutrality principle. The author aims at defining the adequate formula of state’s neutrality principle, starting with the most significant objection that is raised against the principle (named by the author as “skeptic’s charge”). The purpose of the paper is elaborating a formula of state’s neutrality that is resistant to skeptical charge. The author analyzes possible elements of the conception of neutrality by indicating three different questions concerning: (1) the character of the principle, (2) its justification (ratio) and (3) its object. In the concluding part he elaborates the formula of soft state’s neutrality which is, according to him, theoretically well-grounded as well as functional and useful in practical discourses (especially in legal discourse)
Narrow or broad? : questioning the scope of public reason
No full textThis paper considers a fundamental issue set against the backcloth of John Rawls's political theory, namely the issue of the proper scope of public reason. The concept of the scope of public reason refers to situations when publicly accessible reasons have moral priority over other normative considerations. The case is worth considering because, although making several remarks, Rawls's position on the problem is ambiguous. In the paper, the author reconstructs the accurate scope by invoking two criteria: person oriented and issue oriented. The philosophical discussion on the subject is dominated by two interpretations of the breadth of public reason; however, the author believes we may indicate four plausible answers to the stated question
Narrow or Broad? Questioning the Scope of Public Reason
No full textThis paper considers a fundamental issue set against the backcloth of John Rawls’s political theory, namely the issue of the proper scope of public reason. The concept of the scope of public reason refers to situations when publicly accessible reasons have moral priority over other normative considerations. The case is worth considering because, although making several remarks, Rawls’s position on the problem is ambiguous. In the paper, the author reconstructs the accurate scope by invoking two criteria: person oriented and issue oriented. The philosophical discussion on the subject is dominated by two interpretations of the breadth of public reason; however, the author believes we may indicate four plausible answers to the stated question
Cultural exemptions as an object of a theoretical discussion : in search for a framework
No full textIn the paper, the author introduces a theoretical framework for a contemporary discussion regarding the permissibility of cultural exemptions (accommodations). The author distinguishes three levels of analysis that need to be addressed in any legislative case concerning cultural exemptions. The first level refers to the issue of general policy, particularly to the question whether such exemptions are justified pro tanto. The second level concerns an examination of the relevant conditions for a particular cultural accommodation in a given context (for example questions regarding the character of the generally applicable norm and the character of a specific cultural commitment). Finally, the third level deals with a detailed legal design of a specific cultural exemption
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