1,721,037 research outputs found
DTB 098 James Gavin 8-24-2023
Get PDFIn this interview, James Gavin is interviewed by Alisha Palmer on Zoom about his memories of growing up in the Down the Bay community. Dr. Gavin describes the house and neighborhood he grew up in, exploring the family dynamics of the former and the social and cultural dynamics of the latter. He shares some of his family history, also connecting it to foodways and other aspects of life Down the Bay. Dr. Gavin recalls some of the games that children played in his youth, and describes his educational experiences, as well as his involvement in the Civil Rights Movement in Mobile under the leadership of Rev. William Milton Smith of AME Zion Church. Toward the end of the interview, Dr. Gavin discusses his medical career, and recites excerpts of poems by James Weldon Johnson and Paul Lawrence Dunbar
Differential toxicity in an alveolar epithelial cell line of fine particulate matter from brake wear, road wear, and diesel exhaust
No full textIntroduction: Exposure to airborne fine particulate matter (diameter <2.5μm; PM2.5) is associatedwith increasedmorbidity and mortality, but differential effects of PM2.5 from differentsources,with differing compositions, are poorly understood.PM of this size is small enough to reach the alveoli, the functional unit of the lung. Carexhaust-derived PM release is decreasing, which has increased the relative contribution of non-exhaustPM, the major constituent of which is brake wearPM (BWPM), along with road and tyre wear. Non-exhaust PM emissions arepredicted to increase withheavier battery-electric vehicles. Importantly, non-exhaust PM emissions are currently unregulated by UK legislation, and hencethere is a lack of established mitigation strategies.Non-exhaust PM also tends to be rich in metals, which have been associated withtoxicity and are chemically heterogeneous, with PMcomposition differing considerably based onthe source. Lastly, their toxicological propertieshave been poorly studied compared to exhaust PM emissions. This study aimed to characterise boththe chemical and toxicological properties of PM2.5-0.1 from 4 brake pad types compared to roadwearand diesel exhaust PM. Methods: An alveolar type-II epithelial cell line(ATIIER:KRASV12) was exposed to 4-32 µg/cm2 (12.5 100 μg/ml)PM2.5-0.1 from 4 brake pad types: low-metallic, semi-metallic, non-asbestosorganic (NAO), and ceramic, or roadwear or dieselPM2.5-0.1 for 2-24h. PM composition was determined by ICP-MS. Cytotoxicity wasmeasured by LDH and MTT assays, inflammatory mediator release by ELISA, andgene expression by RT-qPCR and RNA-Seq. Protein expression was assessed usingwestern blotting, and luciferase reporter assays were used to assess transcriptionfactor binding activity. ATP production rates were assessed using a SeahorseATP-rate assay. Results: ICP-MS showed clear PM-specific composition; notablyNAO and ceramic BWPM were relatively enriched in copper, barium, titanium, andzirconium. RNA-Seq showed NAO and ceramic BWPM induced the greatest number ofdifferentially expressed genes vs. control, related to inflammatory, oxidativestress, heat-shock, metal-binding, and hypoxia responses, and also the greatestincreases in cytotoxicity and cytokine release, in all cases greater thanroadwear PM or diesel PM. Amelioration of responses by copper-chelatingtetraethylenepentamine implicated BWPM copper in this differential toxicity.NAO BWPM also induced an increase in HIF1α stabilisation in a copper- andoxidative stress-dependent manner and increased both the binding of the HIFtranscription factor complex to hypoxia response elements, and inhibition offactor inhibiting HIF (FIH). In further support of a hypoxic response areal-time metabolic assaydemonstrated an NAO BWPM-induced switch towardsglycolysis. Conclusions: This research demonstrated that epithelial cellresponses to vehicle-derived PM2.5-0.1 were dependent on source, with NAO andceramic BWPM proving the most potent across a range of endpoints. As copper wasimplicated in multiple toxicological responses, legislation to reduce coppercontent within brake pads could reduce the toxicity associated with theseemissions. Further research is needed to understand population exposure and healtheffects related to different non-exhaust PM types, especially chronicexposures, as well as the potential role of other components of non-exhaust PM.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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