1,721,997 research outputs found
More funding for education alone will not solve unemployment #AfricaAtWork
Get PDFMaudo Jallow calls for an overhaul in education, creating instead a new model that is socially inclusive and more likely to improve the life of the masses
Behavioral inattention computation
No full textThe most abstract process is to empirically validate inattention theory. Our study focuses on developing and evaluating a behavioral New Keynesian model tailored to the Gambian economy, our inspiration was derived from Gabaix (2014). We investigate the interactions between monetary and fiscal policies, estimating inattention parameters for consumers and firms through Bayesian methods. Our findings indicate that the parameters M and Mf
, which were originally introduced by Gabaix (2020), are estimated to be 0.7985 and 0.9701 for consumers and firms, respectively. Furthermore, we simulate scenarios of monetary and fiscal dominance to gain insights into the
implications of different policy regimes. Our results suggest that in monetary dominance situations, the monetary authority should prioritize achieving its inflation target. However, in fiscal dominance contexts, the authority should instead take into account the trajectory of public debt and accommodate accordingly
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Promoting accountability under international law for gross human rights violations in Africa ::essays in honour of prosecutor Hassan Bubacar Jallow /
No full textPromoting Accountability under International Law for Gross Human Rights Violations in Africa is pre-eminently a study on the work and contribution of the first international judicial mechanism, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), devoted exclusively to challenging impunity for serious international crimes committed in Africa. This volume is dedicated to the eminent international jurist Justice Hassan Bubacar Jallow, the Tribunal's longest serving Chief Prosecutor and the first prosecutor of the United Nations Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals. The noted scholar and practitioner contributors discuss various aspects of the law, jurisprudence and practice of the Tribunal over its twenty year existence, while also drawing lessons for current and future international courts such as the International Criminal Court. Themes covered include the role of the international prosecutor; the prosecution of sexual and gender-based crimes; the relationship between national and international courts; the role of other international institutions in challenging impunity; and the role of African languages in international criminal trials. Given its wide ranging substantive coverage, this book will be invaluable to anyone interested in criminal justice, human rights and humanitarian law whether in Africa or other parts of the world
Early risk factors for ADHD : a Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 study
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The aim of this thesis was to explore early risk factors for ADHD within the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986), and more specifically, to determine whether prenatal maternal inflammation and stress, the duration of breastfeeding, child’s own personality and comorbid psychopathology may be associated with an increased risk of ADHD in the offspring.
The NFBC1986 is a population-based birth cohort consisting of 9,479 pregnant women and their 9,432 live-born children, with regard to whom this dissertation utilizes data collected from national registers, clinical examinations, the Borealis Biobank, child health clinics and questionnaires administered at several time points up to 18 years. To study ADHD symptoms, the Rutter Children’s Behaviour Questionnaire was used at the age of 8 (n=8,721) and the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD symptoms and Normal Behaviours questionnaire at the age of 16 (n=6,622). ADHD was diagnosed by means of a clinical assessment performed at the age of 16 to 18 years (n=457).
Several early life factors were associated with an increased risk of ADHD in the offspring. Unwanted pregnancy and under 3 months of exclusive breastfeeding were associated with hyperactive symptoms at the age of 8 and prenatal maternal fatigue and under 6 months of non-exclusive breastfeeding were markers of an increased risk of ADHD symptoms at the age of 16. Furthermore, the results show that a distinct personality profile was associated with an ADHD diagnosis in adolescence. Adolescents with ADHD were more often novelty seeking and less self-directed, cooperative and persistent than individuals without ADHD.
This is one of the few studies to date that has investigated early life factors in relation to ADHD symptoms in childhood and adolescence, and its most important implications are primarily preventative. The identifying of risk factors for ADHD can enable earlier detection of individuals with ADHD later, which may allow more targeted and timely interventions to prevent the possible impairing outcomes of ADHD. In addition, there are diagnostic challenges regarding ADHD, and it may be over-, under- or misdiagnosed. Identifying the risk factors for ADHD may potentially give rise to new tools for the more accurate diagnosis of ADHD in the future. Original papers Jallow, J., Halt, A.-H., Öhman, H., & Hurtig, T. (2021). Prenatal inflammation does not increase the risk for symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(11), 1825–1828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01580-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01580-x Jallow, J., Hurtig, T., Kerkelä, M., Miettunen, J., & Halt, A.-H. (2024). Prenatal maternal stress, breastfeeding and offspring ADHD symptoms. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02451-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02451-5 Jallow, J., Halt, A.-H., Kerkelä, M., Hurtig, T., & Miettunen, J. (2024). Association of temperament and character traits with ADHD and its comorbidities. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 78(1), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2023.2262994 https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2023.2262994 Tiivistelmä
Tämän väitöskirjatutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia ADHD:n varhaisia riskitekijöitä vuoden 1986 Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortissa (NFBC1986). Tarkemmin eriteltynä tutkin, liittyykö äidin raskauden aikainen tulehdus ja stressi, imetyksen kesto sekä lapsen oma persoonallisuus ja psykiatriset oheissairaudet lisääntyneeseen ADHD-riskiin lapsuus- ja nuoruusiässä.
NFBC1986 on valikoitumaton, yleisväestöpohjainen kohortti, joka koostuu 9 479 raskaana olevasta naisesta ja heidän 9 432 elävänä syntyneestä lapsestaan. Tässä väitöskirjatutkimuksessa hyödynnettiin tietoja kansallisista rekistereistä, kliinisistä tutkimuksista, Borealis-biopankista, lasten neuvolakorteista ja kyselylomakkeista 18 vuoden seuranta-aikana. ADHD-oireiden tutkimiseksi käytettiin käyttäytymistä kartoittavaa kyselyä (the Rutter Children´s Behaviour Questionnaire) lasten ollessa kahdeksanvuotiaita (n=8 721) ja ADHD-oirekyselyä (the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD symptoms and Normal Behaviours) 16-vuotiaina (n=6 622). ADHD diagnosoitiin kliinisillä tutkimuksilla nuorten ollessa 16–18-vuotiaita (n=457).
Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että useilla varhaiskehityksellisillä tekijöillä on yhteyttä lisääntyneeseen ADHD-riskiin lapsuus- ja nuoruusaikana. Tutkimuksessa osoitimme ei-toivotun raskauden ja alle kolme kuukautta kestäneen täysimetyksen yhteyden yliaktiivisiin oireisiin 8-vuotiaana. Äidin raskauden aikainen stressi ja alle 6 kuukautta kestänyt osittainen imetys olivat merkkejä lisääntyneestä riskistä ADHD-oireisiin 16-vuotiaana. Myös lapsen oma persoonallisuusprofiili liittyi ADHD-diagnoosiin nuoruusiässä. Nuoret, joilla todettiin ADHD, olivat useammin elämyshakuisia sekä vähemmän itseohjautuvia, yhteistyöhaluisia ja sinnikkäitä kuin he, joilla ei diagnosoitu ADHD:ta.
Tämä väitöskirjatutkimus on yksi harvoista, joissa tutkitaan varhaiskehityksen yhteyttä lapsuus- ja nuoruusiän ADHD:seen. Tutkimuksen tärkeimmät vaikutukset ovat ensisijaisesti ennaltaehkäiseviä. ADHD:n riskitekijöiden tunnistaminen voi mahdollistaa ADHD-potilaiden varhaisemman havaitsemisen, joka voi auttaa soveltamaan kohdennettuja ja oikea-aikaisia toimia ADHD:n haittojen ehkäisemiseksi. Lisäksi ADHD:n suhteen on diagnostisia haasteita, se saattaa olla joko ylidiagnosoitu, väärin diagnosoitu tai alidiagnosoitu. Riskitekijöiden tunnistaminen voi tulevaisuudessa tuoda uusia työkaluja ADHD:n tarkempaa diagnostiikkaa varten. Osajulkaisut Jallow, J., Halt, A.-H., Öhman, H., & Hurtig, T. (2021). Prenatal inflammation does not increase the risk for symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(11), 1825–1828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01580-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01580-x Jallow, J., Hurtig, T., Kerkelä, M., Miettunen, J., & Halt, A.-H. (2024). Prenatal maternal stress, breastfeeding and offspring ADHD symptoms. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02451-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02451-5 Jallow, J., Halt, A.-H., Kerkelä, M., Hurtig, T., & Miettunen, J. (2024). Association of temperament and character traits with ADHD and its comorbidities. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 78(1), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2023.2262994 https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2023.2262994 Academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Programme Committee of Health and Biosciences of the University of Oulu for public defence in Auditorium F202 of the Faculty of Medicine (Aapistie 5 B), on 24 May 2024, at 12 noonAbstract
The aim of this thesis was to explore early risk factors for ADHD within the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986), and more specifically, to determine whether prenatal maternal inflammation and stress, the duration of breastfeeding, child’s own personality and comorbid psychopathology may be associated with an increased risk of ADHD in the offspring.
The NFBC1986 is a population-based birth cohort consisting of 9,479 pregnant women and their 9,432 live-born children, with regard to whom this dissertation utilizes data collected from national registers, clinical examinations, the Borealis Biobank, child health clinics and questionnaires administered at several time points up to 18 years. To study ADHD symptoms, the Rutter Children’s Behaviour Questionnaire was used at the age of 8 (n=8,721) and the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD symptoms and Normal Behaviours questionnaire at the age of 16 (n=6,622). ADHD was diagnosed by means of a clinical assessment performed at the age of 16 to 18 years (n=457).
Several early life factors were associated with an increased risk of ADHD in the offspring. Unwanted pregnancy and under 3 months of exclusive breastfeeding were associated with hyperactive symptoms at the age of 8 and prenatal maternal fatigue and under 6 months of non-exclusive breastfeeding were markers of an increased risk of ADHD symptoms at the age of 16. Furthermore, the results show that a distinct personality profile was associated with an ADHD diagnosis in adolescence. Adolescents with ADHD were more often novelty seeking and less self-directed, cooperative and persistent than individuals without ADHD.
This is one of the few studies to date that has investigated early life factors in relation to ADHD symptoms in childhood and adolescence, and its most important implications are primarily preventative. The identifying of risk factors for ADHD can enable earlier detection of individuals with ADHD later, which may allow more targeted and timely interventions to prevent the possible impairing outcomes of ADHD. In addition, there are diagnostic challenges regarding ADHD, and it may be over-, under- or misdiagnosed. Identifying the risk factors for ADHD may potentially give rise to new tools for the more accurate diagnosis of ADHD in the future.Tiivistelmä
Tämän väitöskirjatutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia ADHD:n varhaisia riskitekijöitä vuoden 1986 Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortissa (NFBC1986). Tarkemmin eriteltynä tutkin, liittyykö äidin raskauden aikainen tulehdus ja stressi, imetyksen kesto sekä lapsen oma persoonallisuus ja psykiatriset oheissairaudet lisääntyneeseen ADHD-riskiin lapsuus- ja nuoruusiässä.
NFBC1986 on valikoitumaton, yleisväestöpohjainen kohortti, joka koostuu 9 479 raskaana olevasta naisesta ja heidän 9 432 elävänä syntyneestä lapsestaan. Tässä väitöskirjatutkimuksessa hyödynnettiin tietoja kansallisista rekistereistä, kliinisistä tutkimuksista, Borealis-biopankista, lasten neuvolakorteista ja kyselylomakkeista 18 vuoden seuranta-aikana. ADHD-oireiden tutkimiseksi käytettiin käyttäytymistä kartoittavaa kyselyä (the Rutter Children´s Behaviour Questionnaire) lasten ollessa kahdeksanvuotiaita (n=8 721) ja ADHD-oirekyselyä (the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD symptoms and Normal Behaviours) 16-vuotiaina (n=6 622). ADHD diagnosoitiin kliinisillä tutkimuksilla nuorten ollessa 16–18-vuotiaita (n=457).
Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että useilla varhaiskehityksellisillä tekijöillä on yhteyttä lisääntyneeseen ADHD-riskiin lapsuus- ja nuoruusaikana. Tutkimuksessa osoitimme ei-toivotun raskauden ja alle kolme kuukautta kestäneen täysimetyksen yhteyden yliaktiivisiin oireisiin 8-vuotiaana. Äidin raskauden aikainen stressi ja alle 6 kuukautta kestänyt osittainen imetys olivat merkkejä lisääntyneestä riskistä ADHD-oireisiin 16-vuotiaana. Myös lapsen oma persoonallisuusprofiili liittyi ADHD-diagnoosiin nuoruusiässä. Nuoret, joilla todettiin ADHD, olivat useammin elämyshakuisia sekä vähemmän itseohjautuvia, yhteistyöhaluisia ja sinnikkäitä kuin he, joilla ei diagnosoitu ADHD:ta.
Tämä väitöskirjatutkimus on yksi harvoista, joissa tutkitaan varhaiskehityksen yhteyttä lapsuus- ja nuoruusiän ADHD:seen. Tutkimuksen tärkeimmät vaikutukset ovat ensisijaisesti ennaltaehkäiseviä. ADHD:n riskitekijöiden tunnistaminen voi mahdollistaa ADHD-potilaiden varhaisemman havaitsemisen, joka voi auttaa soveltamaan kohdennettuja ja oikea-aikaisia toimia ADHD:n haittojen ehkäisemiseksi. Lisäksi ADHD:n suhteen on diagnostisia haasteita, se saattaa olla joko ylidiagnosoitu, väärin diagnosoitu tai alidiagnosoitu. Riskitekijöiden tunnistaminen voi tulevaisuudessa tuoda uusia työkaluja ADHD:n tarkempaa diagnostiikkaa varten
Journal of Religion & Society
No full textThe Ghana Catholic Church's advocacy for social justice predated Vatican II thanks to her early encounter with independence in 1957. Throughout 1958, the Church in Ghana engaged the government of Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah in a robust dialogue on social justice. Through The Standard, her National Catholic weekly, the Church directed a steady stream of communication to the state on issues of social justice that approximate key lessons of Catholic Social Teaching on respect for human dignity and concern for truth and justice. The Ghana Church's advocacy for justice was a sign of the times that reflected the mind of Pope John XXIII and what happened at the Second Vatican Council.1
Intergenerational Peacebuilding Among Women (Case Study: Botswana)
Get PDFThis case study is part of the Intergenerational Peacebuilding Among Women: Leveraging the Power of Collaboration report created by the Women PeaceMakers program. In this case study, Woman PeaceMaker Fellow Ramatoulie Isatou Jallow explores the state of intergenerational peacebuilding and coalition-building for women-led civil society organizations in Botswana. This research demonstrates that there is a need for dialogues around positive peace in Botswana, as well as for more synergy and trust between different generations of women. Furthermore, with more extensive education on the concept of intergenerational coalition-building, women and women-led CSOs can form these coalitions across generations more deliberately.https://digital.sandiego.edu/ipj-research/1065/thumbnail.jp
Relationship between oviposition preference and offspring performance in Australian Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)
No full textWe investigated the oviposition preference and larval performance of Helicoverpa armigera under laboratory conditions to determine if the oviposition preference of individual females on maize, cowpea and cotton correlates with offspring performance on the leaves of the same host plants. The host-plant preference hierarchy of females did not correlate with their offspring performance. Female moths chose host plants that contributed less to their offspring fitness. Plant effects accounted for the largest amount of variation in offspring performance, while the effects of female (family) was low. The offspring of most females (80%, n = 10) were broadly similar, but 20% (two out of 10), showed marked difference in their offspring performance across the host-plant species. Similarly, there was no relation between larval feeding preference and performance. However, like most laboratory experiments, our experi-mental design does not allow the evaluation of ecological factors (for example, natural enemies, host abundance, etc.) that can play an important role in larval performance in the field. Overall, the results highlight the importance of carrying out preference performance analysis on the individual or family level, rather than pooling individuals to obtain average population data
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