1,721,004 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Milk as a rehydration fluid following exercise-induced loss of body mass.
No full textThe effectiveness of 0.1% fat milk (M) at restoring fluid balance after exercise and heat induced hypohydration was compared to a commercially available carbohydrate-electrolyte (CE) sports drink and water (W) using a metered rate of fluid ingestion. After losing 2.1 (0.2) % body mass, participants (n = 7) consumed a drink volume equivalent to 150% of their body mass loss, over a period of 2.5-3 hours. A metered rate of fluid ingestion was chosen as it is widely acknowledged that rapid ingestion (1000ml) can over-stimulate diuresis. Blood and urine samples were collected before and for 5 hours after exercise-induced loss of body mass. Mean plasma osmolality was higher in the M trial 289 (3) mOsmol/kg compared to W 286 (3) mOsmol/kg and CE 287 (3) mOsmol/kg, during this 5 hour period (p = 0.021). Indicative of a reduced diuretic response, urine volume was lower and urine osmolality higher in the M trial compared with CE and W. Total urine volume during the M trial was 774 (92) mL compared to CE 1314 (434) mL and W 1429 (345) mL (p = 0.023). A net positive fluid balance from 2h to 5h was achieved in the M trial, whereas the CE and W trials returned to net negative balance by the end of the 5h rehydration period. Final net fluid balance in the M trial was 117 (122) mL compared to CE -381 (460) mL and W trials -539 (390) mL (p = 0.049). This represents a final relative net fluid balance of 5.9 (5.9) % in the M trial compared with CE -22.7 (23.3) % (p = 0.048) and W - 30.9 (22.7) % (p = 0.012)
The effects of a short term (14 day) dietary substitution on body composition and biomarkers of metabolic health in healthy adults
No full textThe Special K Challenge is a partial meal replacement plan whereby two main meals are substituted with a fixed portion of Kellogg‟s Special K and semi-skimmed milk for two weeks. It is designed to reduce energy intake sufficient to reduce body mass and waist circumference in order to encourage long term body mass reduction. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Special K Challenge on body composition and biomarkers of fat metabolism in healthy adults.
Twenty four subjects (12 men and 12 women) with a mean age of 34.7 (11.7) and mean body mass index of 28.6 (2.9)kg/m2 were recruited via email from the University of Limerick campus. Dietary intake and body composition was measured over a two week period to establish a basal level (BASAL) prior to the two week Special K Challenge (DIET). Dietary intake was assessed by interview and dietary recall using food diaries. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Blood serum and plasma were analysed for total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, leptin and adiponectin.
The Special K Challenge induced a mean energy deficit of 673 (360)kcal (p < 0.001). The macronutrient contribution to total energy intake was favourably improved closer to the recommended daily intake. Total body mass was reduced by a mean of 1.7 (1.4)kg (p < 0.001). Fat and fat free mass were reduced by 0.7 (0.8)kg (p < 0.001) and 0.9 (1.0)kg (p < 0.05) respectively. Abdominal fat mass as represented by the L1-L4 region of interest and waist circumference was reduced by 0.17(0.15)kg and -1.9(1.7)cm respectively (p < 0.001). No statistically significant effect on total, LDL or HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose or insulin was observed.
The results of the present study demonstrate that the Special K Challenge was effective in reducing total energy intake and resulted in a positive, health-related change in body composition. The reduction in total body mass, regional fat mass and waist circumference may act as an effective motivator to long term body mass reduction
Assessing the dietary intake of omega 3 fatty acids and examining the effect of a 6 month supplementation of EPA on blood lipids and inflammatory cytokines in healthy Irish adults
No full textThe health benefits of long chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are now widely recognised (Tur et al 2012) including triglyceride lowering effects (Lopez-Huertas, 2012) and anti-inflammatory effects (Rangel-Huerta et al 2012). However, intakes of oily fish among Irish adults in the recent national survey show that consumption of fish is low (Irish Universities Nutrition Alliance, 2011) and dietary intakes of LC n-3 PUFA are below international recommendations (Leite et al 2010).
This study investigated the dietary intakes of LC n-3 PUFA, specifically, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a sample of healthy Irish adults. Subsequently, the effects of a 1g EPA supplement for 24 weeks on blood lipids and inflammatory cytokine levels were examined.
A pilot study was conducted to determine the preferred dietary assessment method; a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a 4-day food record were compared in a separate sample of older adults (n=37). The results had poor correlation and the 4-day food record was chosen as it was thought that the FFQ would over-estimate fish consumption. The cross sectional study analysed the dietary intake of apparently healthy adults using a 4-day food record. The results were compiled in Weighed Intake Software Package (WISP© Version 3.0) (Tinuviel Software, Warrington, UK) and analysed using an updated fatty acid database following the method of Leite et al (2010). The double-blind randomised controlled trial provided subjects with a 1g EPA supplement or placebo and measured the change in blood lipid profile and inflammatory cytokines in healthy adults after 24 weeks. Median EPA and DHA intakes were compared to reference data. Changes in blood lipids and inflammatory cytokines were analysed for statistical significance using the Wilcoxon Sign test and the Friedman test.
Less than 10% of adults in this study met the recommended intakes of EPA and DHA. As expected, intakes among fish consumers were significantly higher than non-fish consumers. Compared to placebo blood lipids were not significantly different following 24 weeks of EPA supplementation. In the control group the median concentration of circulating IL-1β decreased by 24% (1.16pg/ml vs. 0.88pg/ml; p=0.001) and IL-6 by 7.7% (3.11pg/ml vs. 2.87pg/ml; p = 0.007); the other cytokines remained unchanged.
The majority of adults in this study did not meet recommendations for dietary LC n-3 PUFA intakes. The effect of a 1g EPA supplement on lipid profiles and inflammatory cytokines was not conclusive; this could be explained in part by the low lipid and cytokine levels at baseline in this healthy population
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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