1,721,028 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Gefitinib 내성 획득 후 EGFR 돌연변이 비소세포폐암의 PD-L1 발현 변화
No full text학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의과대학 임상의과학과, 2016. 2. 허대석.Introduction: Therapies targeting the programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) has been successful in a subset of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PD-L1 expression in tumor tissues has been suggested as a predictive and prognostic marker. We examined the change of PD-L1 expression after gefitinib treatment in patients with EGFR- mutant NSCLC.
Materials and Methods: We established gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell lines and compared with parental PC-9 cells for regulation of PD-L1 expression. We also collected paired tumor tissues before and after gefitinib from eighteen NSCLC patients. PD-L1 expression on tumor and immune cells was defined by H-score of immunohistochemical stain (range: 0 to 300). The correlations between change of PD-L1 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed.
Results: The PD-L1 expression level was higher in gefitinib-resistant PC-9 cells (PC9GR1 and PC9GR2) than in parental PC-9 cells. Expression of PD-L1 in gefitinib-resistant PC-9 cells was up-regulated by interferon-γ and down-regulated by MEK inhibitor, selumetinib. In addition, MET and mesenchymal markers were increased in association with PD-L1 protein expression in gefitinib-resistant PC-9 cells. PD-L1 expression on tumor cells showed an increase in the median H-score from 25 to 40 (P = 0.067). Among them, seven patients (38.9%) showed a marked increase in median H-score (80 to 180, group A) and the other eleven patients (61.1%) showed no change in median H-score (0 to 0, group B). In group A and B, the median progression free survival for gefitinib was 13 versus 12 months (P=0.594), and the median overall survival after gefitinib resistance was not reached versus 16 months (P=0.068), respectively. MET positivity by immunohistochemistry in post-gefitinib biopsies was significantly associated with group A (P = 0.028). PD-L1 expressing immune cells was observed in 3 (16.7%) of pre-gefitinib tumor tissues and 7 (38.9%) of post-gefitinib tumor tissues. PD-L1 expression by immune cells showed statistically significant correlation with pre-gefitinib FOXP3+ TILs (ρ = 0.584, P = 0.014) and with post-gefitinib CD3+ TILs (ρ = 0.547, P = 0.028), CD8+ TILs (ρ = 0.650, P = 0.005), and PD-1+ TILs (ρ = 0.590, P = 0.016), respectively. Patients who had acquired mutation T790M after gefitinib was likely to have higher TILs infiltration score in tumor microenvironments.
Conclusions: The level of PD-L1 expression was changed not only in tumor cells but also in tumor infiltrating immune cells after acquiring resistance to gefitinib. Patients who had increased tumoral PD-L1 expression after gefitinib showed longer overall survival than those who did not, which may be associated with increased MET expression or activation of intracellular MEK signaling pathway. Tumor tissues that did not showed increase in tumoral PD-L1 expression after gefitinib had secondary T790M mutation or increased TILs. Re-evaluation of the level of PD-L1 expression is needed after acquiring resistance to gefitinib in tumor and also in tumor infiltrating immune cells. Thus, we can understand the mechanism of drug resistance and improve the outcomes of treatments in NSCLC.1. Introduction 1
2. Materials and Methods 4
2.1 Generation of gefitinib-resistant PC-9 cells and reagents 4
2.2 Flow cytometry analysis 7
2.3 Immunoblot analysis 9
2.4 PCR and direct sequencing 9
2.5 Patient selection and tumor tissues samples 11
2.6 Immunohistochemical staining 12
2.7 Statistical analysis 15
3. Results 16
4. Discussion 46
5. References 55
6. Abstract in Korean 63Docto
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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