4,748 research outputs found
Do older workers really reduce firm productivity?
No full textIn this article, we examine the effect of workforce ageing on company productivity, using an analysis based on Korean firms. We found that an increase in the ratio of workers aged over 50 years to total workers had a negative effect on value added per worker, which was consistent with the findings of most previous studies based on European data. However, the results of the analysis, including various classifications such as size, industry and several financial conditions, revealed that an increase in the ratio of older workers had positive effects on value added per worker in large manufacturing firms under risky or growing conditions. As the productivity of older workers may vary, future research may determine under what conditions - size, industry, region and financial conditions - older workers contribute positively to productivity. Firms with financial troubles or those planning to downsize should be cautious about laying off older workers as an approach to improving organisational performance because these workers contribute positively to productivity under certain conditions.
Measuring the Network Power of States: The United States versus China
No full textThis study presents measures to evaluate the power of states from a network perspective. Several indicators have been used for such analysis, including GDP, GNP, and the CINC. However, these indicators have limitations in that they do not take into account relational factors. Therefore, we provide three measures developed from a network perspective at the macro, meso, and micro levels to overcome these limitations. Furthermore, we explore the applicability of network theory-based measurement by analyzing changes in network power in the United States and China and present the following results. First, considering the economic domain, we conclude that China has surpassed the United States at the micro level, and the results of the centrality analysis indicate that the United States and China are very close at the other two levels. Second, in the military trade and cultural trade sectors, the United States has consistently been the most powerful state at all levels.
From weak to strong signals: Exploring R&D projects with research equipment
No full textWeak signals have received growing attention as early indicators of future change, yet prior research has treated them as static indicators. Given their fragmented and uncertain nature, weak signals do not consistently evolve into strong signals. This study investigates whether weak signals can transition into strong ones, with particular attention to the role of research equipment. Building on TF-DoV-based analytical methods, we develop a longitudinal framework and analyze a decade of nationally funded R&D projects in the chemical sector. The results show that projects involving equipment exhibit a higher transition rate from weak to strong signals. This finding highlights the enabling role of equipment, functioning both as material infrastructure and as a cognitive foundation that facilitates the recognition and maturation of emerging topics. Overall, this study reconceptualizes weak signals as dynamic trajectories and demonstrates the catalytic influence of research equipment in their evolution. Further, it utilizes nationally funded R&D projects as a novel policy-relevant data source that captures emerging technological trajectories. These contributions advance the theoretical understanding of weak signals, extend methods for analyzing signal transitions, and provide practical guidance for R&D policy and strategy.
Pembimbingan Pendidikan Nilai Pancasila pada Anak di Desa Panompuan Jae Kecamatan Angkola Timur
No full textBased on the implementation of community service activities related to “Pancasila Value Education Guidance for Children in Panompuan Jae Village, East Angkola District. Based on the table above, the factors that influence children's behavior in Pancasila values are as follows; a) Family Environment, b) Playing Environment, c) Children's daily habits, d) Child's personality. The observer's efforts in instilling good Pancasila values in children in Panompuan Jae Village are as follows: a) Socializing by explaining a little material about religion, namely morals. B) Exemplifying good things by involving children directly, on how to know religion, mutual cooperation, togetherness c) Explaining the behavior of small things that are not good and inappropriate to imitate, do not help each other, fight against parents, and do not respect others. D) Give praise to children if they do something good. E) Teach manners and introduce religion.
Berdasarkan kegiatan pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang berhubungan dengan “Pembimbingan Pendidikan Nilai Pancasila pada Anak di Desa Panompuan Jae Kecamatan Angkola Timur. Berdasarkan tabel diatas adapaun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruh perilaku anak dalam nilai pancasila adalah sebagai berikut; a) Lingkungan Keluarga, b) Lingkungan Bermain, c) Kebiasaan sehari-hari anak, d) Kepribadian anak. Adapun upaya observer dalam menanamkan nilai Pancasila yang baik pada anak di Desa Panompuan Jae adalah sebagai berikut: a) Bersosialisasi dengan menerangkan sedikit materi tentang agama yaitu akhlak. B) Mencontohkan hal-hal baik dengan melibatkan anak secara langsung, tentang cara mengenal agama, gotong royong, kebersamaan c) Menjelaskan perilaku hal-hal kecil yang tidak baik dan tidak pantas ditiru tidak saling tolong menolong, melawan kepada orang tua, dan tidak menghargai orang lain. D) Memberi pujian kepada anak jika melakukan suatu kebaikan. E) Mengajarkan sopan santun dan mengenalkan agama
Distributed human computation framework for linked data co-reference resolution
No full textDistributed Human Computation (DHC) is a technique used to solve computational problems by incorporating the collaborative effort of a large number of humans. It is also a solution to AI-complete problems such as natural language processing. The Semantic Web with its root in AI is envisioned to be a decentralised world-wide information space for sharing machine-readable data with minimal integration costs. There are many research problems in the Semantic Web that are considered as AI-complete problems. An example is co-reference resolution, which involves determining whether different URIs refer to the same entity. This is considered to be a significant hurdle to overcome in the realisation of large-scale Semantic Web applications. In this paper, we propose a framework for building a DHC system on top of the Linked Data Cloud to solve various computational problems. To demonstrate the concept, we are focusing on handling the co-reference resolution in the Semantic Web when integrating distributed datasets. The traditional way to solve this problem is to design machine-learning algorithms. However, they are often computationally expensive, error-prone and do not scale. We designed a DHC system named iamResearcher, which solves the scientific publication author identity co-reference problem when integrating distributed bibliographic datasets. In our system, we aggregated 6 million bibliographic data from various publication repositories. Users can sign up to the system to audit and align their own publications, thus solving the co-reference problem in a distributed manner. The aggregated results are published to the Linked Data Cloud
Nitrogen-rich hierarchical porous carbon paper for a free-standing cathode of lithium sulfur battery
No full textA free-standing cathode without any binder, conductor, and current collector is attractive due to its reduced weight and cost. This study introduces nitrogen-rich and hierarchical porous carbon fibers in the form of a free-standing carbon paper synthesized by NaBH4-aided electrospinning and subsequent CO2 annealing. This modified process leads to a large mesopore volume of 1.007 cm(3) g(-1) and exposes the nitrogen inside the polymer to the surface of the fiber, resulting in the outstanding surface nitrogen content of 19.38 wt% with abundant pyridinic-N and pyrrolic-N of 16.24 wt% in total surface atoms, while eliminating any further treatment for increasing porosity or coating the polar active sites. The resultant material impregnated by sulfur and filtered by a graphene solution is directly employed as a cathode without any additives. As a result, the capacity is maintained at 696 mAh g(-1) up to the 500th cycle at 0.2 C, and 645 mAh g(-1) at a high current density of 5.0 C. Even with a high sulfur loading of 6.11 mg cm(-2), a remarkable areal capacity of 3.09 mAh cm(-2) is recorded after 500 cycles at 0.2 C with the free-standing form preserved.
Online Hyperparameter Meta-Learning with Hypergradient Distillation
No full textMany gradient-based meta-learning methods assume a set of parameters that do not participate in inner-optimization, which can be considered as hyperparameters. Although such hyperparameters can be optimized using the existing gradient-based hyperparameter optimization (HO) methods, they suffer from the following issues. Unrolled differentiation methods do not scale well to high-dimensional hyperparameters or horizon length, Implicit Function Theorem (IFT) based methods are restrictive for online optimization, and short horizon approximations suffer from short horizon bias. In this work, we propose a novel HO method that can overcome these limitations, by approximating the second-order term with knowledge distillation. Specifically, we parameterize a single Jacobian-vector product (JVP) for each HO step and minimize the distance from the true second-order term. Our method allows online optimization and also is scalable to the hyperparameter dimension and the horizon length. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on three different meta-learning methods and two benchmark datasets
Query processing on smart SSDs
No full textData storage devices are getting "smarter." Smart Flash storage devices (a.k.a. "Smart SSD") are on the horizon and will package CPU processing and DRAM storage inside a Smart SSD, and make that available to run user programs inside a Smart SSD. The focus of this paper is on exploring the opportunities and challenges associated with exploiting this functionality of Smart SSDs for relational analytic query processing. We have implemented an initial prototype of Microsoft SQL Server running on a Samsung Smart SSD. Our results demonstrate that significant performance and energy gains can be achieved by pushing selected query processing components inside the Smart SSDs. We also identify various changes that SSD device manufacturers can make to increase the benefits of using Smart SSDs for data processing applications, and also suggest possible research opportunities for the database Community. Copyright © ACM.N
- …
