9 research outputs found
Probing the Fate of Different Structures of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics: Hydrolysis, Mineral Capture, and Influence of Organic Matter
No full textAuthor Correction: Unraveling iron oxides as abiotic catalysts of organic phosphorus recycling in soil and sediment matrices
No full textIn biogeochemical phosphorus cycling, iron oxide minerals are acknowledged as strong adsorbents of inorganic and organic phosphorus. Dephosphorylation of organic phosphorus is attributed only to biological processes, but iron oxides could also catalyze this reaction. Evidence of this abiotic catalysis has relied on monitoring products in solution, thereby ignoring iron oxides as both catalysts and adsorbents. Here we apply high-resolution mass spectrometry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy to characterize dissolved and particulate phosphorus species, respectively. In soil and sediment samples reacted with ribonucleotides, we uncover the abiotic production of particulate inorganic phosphate associated specifically with iron oxides. Reactions of various organic phosphorus compounds with the different minerals identified in the environmental samples reveal up to ten-fold greater catalytic reactivities with iron oxides than with silicate and aluminosilicate minerals. Importantly, accounting for inorganic phosphate both in solution and mineral-bound, the dephosphorylarion rates of iron oxides were within reported enzymatic rates in soils. Our findings thus imply a missing abiotic axiom for organic phosphorus mineralization in phosphorus cycling
Adaptive Evolution of Leptin in Heterothermic Bats
No full textPMCID: PMC3217946This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Author Correction: Unraveling iron oxides as abiotic catalysts of organic phosphorus recycling in soil and sediment matrices
No full textCorrection to: Nature Communications 10.1038/s41467-024-47931-z, published online 18 July 2024
The original version of this Article contained an error in the Abstract, which was previously incorrectly given as ‘ten-fold’. The correct version states ‘twenty-fold’ in place of ‘ten-fold’. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article
Quantitative Spectroscopic Analysis of Water Populations in the Hydrated Nanopore Environments of a Natural Montmorillonite
No full textSmectite
clays are implicated in solute trapping in natural and
engineered processes. Here we evaluated 23Na solid-state
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and thermogravimetric analysis-coupled
mass spectrometry (TGA–MS) for quantitative analysis of a hydrated
natural Na-montmorillonite equilibrated at different relative humidity
(RH). Using X-ray diffraction, we determined predominantly large-sized
(∼1.55 nm) interlayers at 93% and 75% RH, 2:1 ratio of medium-sized
(∼1.23 nm) to large-sized interlayers at 55% RH, and 2:1 ratio
of small-sized (<0.96 nm) to medium-sized interlayers at 11% RH.
Informed by simulated NMR of differently hydrated model Na-MONT systems,
the experimental 23Na NMR data revealed only fully hydrated
Na+ populations at 93% RH, a 2:1 ratio of partially hydrated
(outer-sphere) to mineral-bound (inner-sphere) Na+ populations
at 55% RH and, remarkably, a near-equal proportion of these latter
two Na+ populations at 11% RH. Between 93% and 11% RH,
the TGA–MS data captured a 57% increase in tightly bound waters
(water loss at 100–300 °C) but only a 22% decrease in
freely exchangeable waters (water loss below 40 °C). The addition
of exogenous NaCl altered the aforementioned hydration behaviors,
particularly at low RH. Our findings of persisting hydrated environments
despite interlayer collapse implied water populations incongruent
with predictions from smectite interlayer nanopore size distributions
Unraveling iron oxides as abiotic catalysts of organic phosphorus recycling in soil and sediment matrices
No full textAbstract In biogeochemical phosphorus cycling, iron oxide minerals are acknowledged as strong adsorbents of inorganic and organic phosphorus. Dephosphorylation of organic phosphorus is attributed only to biological processes, but iron oxides could also catalyze this reaction. Evidence of this abiotic catalysis has relied on monitoring products in solution, thereby ignoring iron oxides as both catalysts and adsorbents. Here we apply high-resolution mass spectrometry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy to characterize dissolved and particulate phosphorus species, respectively. In soil and sediment samples reacted with ribonucleotides, we uncover the abiotic production of particulate inorganic phosphate associated specifically with iron oxides. Reactions of various organic phosphorus compounds with the different minerals identified in the environmental samples reveal up to twenty-fold greater catalytic reactivities with iron oxides than with silicate and aluminosilicate minerals. Importantly, accounting for inorganic phosphate both in solution and mineral-bound, the dephosphorylation rates of iron oxides were within reported enzymatic rates in soils. Our findings thus imply a missing abiotic axiom for organic phosphorus mineralization in phosphorus cycling
The yagé aesthetic of William Burroughs: the publication and development of his work 1953-1965
No full textPhDMy concern in this thesis is to show that a reconstruction of the publishing history of
the work of William Burroughs offers a new, critical perspective on his experiments
with psychoactive substances and their connection to his developing practice.
I begin with an exploration of the publication of The Yage Letters (1963) and Naked
Lunch (1959), and reveal how the complexities of their publishing histories shaped
their critical reception. I examine the legal defence of Naked Lunch as it developed
from the Big Table Post Office hearing through to the 1965 Boston trial and
demonstrate the degree to which censorship came to define the published text. The
legal defence of Naked Lunch, as it was incorporated into the Grove publication,
emphasised the issue of opiate addiction. The way in which Burroughs’ 1953 letters to
Allen Ginsberg were reworked as The Yage Letters did much to conceal the
significance of yagé for Burroughs’ later work. Together, these publishing histories
have obscured the relationship between his use of psychoactive substances and his
evolving aesthetic.
At the same time many of Burroughs’ most experimental - and important - works
appeared only in small, ephemeral magazines. His adoption of avant-garde strategies
such as collaboration and collage and his dedication to multimedia experimentation
with the non-chemical alteration of consciousness made conventional book
publication problematic or unsuitable. These experiments in aesthetic production, I
argue, are central to our understanding of Burroughs. His main published writings
must be re-evaluated as one element in this collage of multimedia activities.
4
I argue that Burroughs’ experiences with yagé, mescaline and dimethyltryptamine
exerted an influence on his shift to experimentalism in the early 1960s, which sought
to replicate the experience of these altered states of consciousness. That this is so is
evident from a study of two collections of correspondence - Burroughs’ letters to
Ginsberg held at Columbia University Library and his letters to Brion Gysin in the
William S. Burroughs Papers held at the New York Public Library. My reading of
these letters forms an important component of my argument, working to reveal what
the conventional ‘published’ Burroughs serves to conceal.Arts and Humanities research Board.
Queen Mary University of London English Department
funding naked Lunch @ 50 conference in Pari
Antidepressant drug treatment in older adults: Guidance based on evidence synthesis
No full textLa depresión del adulto mayor es una patología con una alta prevalencia y complicaciones, en un grupo poblacional en constante crecimiento, que conlleva múltiples desafíos por la influencia de diferentes factores biopsicosociales que no están presentes en otros grupos poblacionales. Se asocia a un peor pronóstico, curso crónico, menor respuesta antidepresiva y mayor riesgo de recaída o recurrencia. El uso de fármacos antidepresivos en ancianos se ha correlacionado con efectos adversos importantes que podrían poner en riesgo la vida y que deben ser tenidos en cuenta a la hora de pautar el tratamiento. La información que actualmente existe en guías sobre el tratamiento farmacológico antidepresivo está centrada en la población general, no están basadas en evidencia o no están sintetizadas. Estas guías permiten transmitir la información de manera clara, sintetizada, y lleva a que los profesionales de la salud puedan tomar decisiones terapéuticas de manera más rápida, evitar complicaciones, prevenir un uso inapropiado de fármacos y mejorar las pautas de tratamiento en beneficio del adulto mayor.1. TÍTULO DEL PROYECTO 10
2. RESUMEN 10
3. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PROYECTO 14
3.1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y SU JUSTIFICACIÓN EN TÉRMINOS DE NECESIDADES Y PERTINENCIA 14
3.2. MARCO TEORICO 18
3.3. ESTADO DEL ARTE 20
3.4. OBJETIVO GENERAL 21 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS 21
3.5. METODOLOGIA PROPUESTA 21 Búsqueda de la literatura 22 Selección de los estudios 22
3.6. PREGUNTAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN 22 ¿Cuál es la eficacia y riesgo de los antidepresivos (NO ADT) para el manejo de la depresión del adulto mayor en comparación con placebo? 22 ¿La eficacia y riesgo del uso de los antidepresivos en la población adulta mayor difiere según su mecanismo de acción? 23 ¿Cuáles son los factores que influyen en la presencia de efectos adversos graves al administrar un tratamiento antidepresivo en un adulto mayor con depresión? 23 ¿Existen diferencias en el tiempo de respuesta o remisión antidepresiva entre la población adulta mayor y población adulta joven con depresión mayor? 24 ¿En pacientes adultos mayores con depresión mayor usando antidepresivos, cuales son los factores que influyen en una recaída o recurrencia de la enfermedad? 24
4. RESULTADOS 25
4.1. ¿Cuál es la eficacia y riesgo de los antidepresivos (NO ADT) para el manejo de la depresión del adulto mayor en comparación con placebo? 25 Metodología para la búsqueda de la literatura 25 Gráfica Flujograma PRISMA 28 Resultados de la búsqueda 29 4.1.3.1. Pacientes sin deterioro cognitivo 29 Respuesta y remisión antidepresiva 29 Recaída depresión en adultos mayores sin deterioro cognitivo 30 Fractura 31 Sangrado Gastrointestinal 32 Hiponatremia 33
Suicidio 34 Muerte 35 Tabla Resumen GRADE 38 Discusión 39 Recomendaciones 40 4.1.3.2. Subgrupo: Pacientes con deterioro cognitivo 45 Respuesta y remisión antidepresiva 45 Recaída 45 Efectos adversos 46 Fractura 47 Suicidio 48 Muerte 49 Tabla Resumen GRADE 51 Discusión 51 Recomendaciones 52
4.2. ¿La eficacia y riesgo del uso de los antidepresivos en la población adulta mayor difiere según su mecanismo de acción? 57 Metodología para la búsqueda de la literatura 57 Gráfica Flujograma PRISMA 58 Resultados de la búsqueda 58 4.2.3.1. Pacientes sin deterioro cognitivo 58 Respuesta y remisión antidepresiva 58 Recaída depresión en adultos mayores sin deterioro cognitivo 60 Efectos adversos 60 Fractura 61 Muerte 61 Hiponatremia 63 Sangrado Gastro intestinal 64 Tablas de resumen GRADE 66 Discusión 70 Recomendación 71 4.2.3.2. Subgrupo: Pacientes con deterioro cognitivo 71 Tabla Resumen GRADE 72 Discusión 72 Recomendaciones 73
4.3. ¿Cuáles son los factores que influyen en la presencia de efectos adversos graves al administrar un tratamiento antidepresivo en un adulto mayor con depresión? 73 Metodología para la búsqueda de la literatura 73 Gráfica Flujograma PRISMA 74 Resultados 74 Fracturas 74 Sangrado Gastrointestinal 77 Hiponatremia 78 Suicidio 79 Muerte 81 Tabla resumen GRADE 83 Discusión 83
Recomendación 85
4.4. ¿Existen diferencias en el tiempo de respuesta o remisión antidepresiva entre la población adulta mayor y población adulta joven con depresión mayor? 86 Metodología para la búsqueda de la literatura 86 Grafica flujograma PRISMA 88 Resultados de la búsqueda 88 Discusión 89 Recomendación 90
4.5. ¿En pacientes adultos mayores con depresión mayor usando antidepresivos, cuales son los factores que influyen en una recaída o recurrencia de la enfermedad? 90 Metodología para la búsqueda de la literatura 90 Grafica flujograma PRISMA 91 Resultados de la búsqueda 91 Discusión 92 Recomendación 93
5. LIMITACIONES 94
6. MODIFICACIONES AL PROTOCOLO 95
7. APÉNDICE 96
8. BIBLIOGRAFÍA 97MaestríaDepression in the elderly is a pathology with high prevalence and complications in a population group in constant growth which entails multiple challenges due to the influence of various biopsychosocial factors that are not present in other population groups. It is associated with a worse prognosis, chronic course, lower antidepressant response and higher risk of relapse or recurrence. The use of antidepressant drugs in the elderly has been correlated with significant adverse effects that could be life-threatening and that must be taken into account when planning treatment. The information that currently exists in guidelines on antidepressant drug treatment is focused on the general population, is not based on evidence or is not synthesized. These present guidelines allow information to be transmitted in a clear, synthesized way, thus health professionals are able to make therapeutic decisions more quickly, avoid complications, prevent inappropriate use of drugs, and improve treatment guidelines for the benefit of the elderly
