189 research outputs found
Synchronic macrophage response andPlasmodium falciparummalaria
No full textHuman Chitotriosidase (CHIT), produced by activated macrophage, is a member of the chitinase family, a group of enzymes with the capability to hydrolyze chitin. Recently plasma CHIT activity was found elevated in children with acuteP. falciparummalaria compared with healthy African children, as a consequence of macrophage activation
due to the presence of parasites. In this study we recruited at the local Centre Medical Saint Camille (CMSC) of Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso, 62 African children (30 males and 32 females, aged 2–140 months; median 16.5 months), affected by acuteP. falciparummalaria, born and living in Burkina Faso. Control subjects included 140 healthy African children (79 males and 61 females) with age ranging from 10 to 100 months (median 22 months) at evaluation time. They did not show signs of acute
infectious disease and their blood smears forP.
falciparumwere negative. This study was approved by the local Ethical Committees of CMSC. Parents of the participating children in the study were orally informed of the scope of this research. For plasma CHIT assay, 3 ml of EDTA-blood was centrifuged and plasma samples were stored at –40°C determination by fluorimetric method at the Centre
for Metabolic Diseases— University of Catania, Italy
Confirmation of the potential usefulness of two human beta globin pseudogene markers to estimate gene flows to and from sub-Saharan Africans
No full textTwo polymorphic sites, -107 and -100 with respect to the "cap" site of the human beta globin pseudogene, recently discovered in our laboratory, turned out to have an ethnically complementary distribution. The first site is polymorphic in Europeans, North Africans, Indians (Hindu), and Oriental Asians, and monomorphic in sub-Saharan Africans. Conversely, the second site is polymorphic in sub-Saharan African populations and monomorphic in the aforementioned populations. Here we report the gene frequencies of these two polymorphic sites in nine additional populations (Egyptians, Spaniards, Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos, Vietnamese, Africans from Togo and from Benin, and Pygmies), confirming their ethnospecificity and, through the analysis of these two markers in Oromo and Amhara of Ethiopia (two mixed populations), their usefulness in genetic admixture studies. Moreover, we studied another marker polymorphic in sub-Saharan African populations only, a TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphism located in the same region as the present markers, demonstrating the absence of linkage disequilibrium between it and the -100 site, so that we can exclude that the information they provide is redundant
Identification of BRCA1/2 p.Ser1613Gly, p.Pro871Leu, p.Lys1183Arg, p.Glu1038Gly, p.Ser1140Gly, p.Ala2466Val, p.His2440Arg variants in women under 45 years old with breast nodules suspected of having breast cancer in Burkina Faso
No full textBreast cancer is the top cause of cancer mortality among women in the world and the second in Africa. The aims of this study were to: i) identify women with breast nodules suspected of having breast cancer ii) sequence the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and iii) screen mutations. From 2015 to 2016, 112 women aged from 35 to 44 years, who had come for consultation in the gynecology/obstetrics and the oncology department of the University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo, voluntarily agreed to participate to this study. Whole blood was collected from those with mammary nodules. The genomic DNA was extracted using Qiagen kit. FAST KAPA was used for genomic DNA amplification and the purified PCR products were analyzed by direct sequencing using Big Dye v1.1 and ABI 3730 automated sequencer. Nucleotides substitutions were determined. We identified BRCA1 SNPs rs1799966, rs799917, rs16942, rs16941, rs2227945, and BRCA2 SNPs rs169547, rs4986860. These identified variants are found mostly in cases of benign tumors of breast or ovarian cancer with familial history of breast cancer. This study in Burkina-Faso, is the basis for improved and more specific genetic testing, and suggests that additional genes contributing to an increased risk of breast cancer should be analyzed
PREVALENCE OF HPV HIGH-RISK GENOTYPES IN THREE COHORTS OF WOMEN IN OUAGADOUGOU (BURKINA FASO)
No full textThe development of cervical cancer is associated with high-risk Human papilloma viruses (HPV-HR). In sub-Saharan Africa cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women and the leading cause of death attributed to malignant tumors. This study aims to identify HPV genotypes within the 30'S and 50'S HPV families found in two previous studies from our laboratory, and to determine the prevalence of twelve HPV-HR genotypes in a population of women in Ouagadougou.
The twelve HPV-HR genotypes were determined by real-time multiplex PCR, in 180 samples from the general population and among a group of HIV-1 infected women.
The most common genotypes found were HPV 35 (29.4%) and HPV 31 (26.1%) of the 30’S family, and HPV 52 (29.4%) and HPV 58 (20.6%) of the 50'S family. Multiple infections of HPV-HR were observed in 78.03% of infected women.
The frequencies of HPV genotypes from the 30'S and 50'S families were higher, while the genotypes HPV-16 and18 were lower among the women in our study
Residual risk of HIV, HCV, and HBV transmission by blood transfusion between 2015 and 2017 at the Regional Blood Transfusion Center of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
No full textArzouma Paul Yooda,1–3 Salam Sawadogo,3 Serge Théophile Soubeiga,1,2 Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah,4 Koumpingnin Nebie,3 Abdoul Karim Ouattara,1,2 Birama Diarra,1,2 Abibou Simpore,3 Yetema Dieudonné Yonli,3 Abdoul-Guaniyi Sawadogo,3 Bia Emile Drabo,3 Seimbou Zalla,3 Anita Pierrette Siritié,3 Rodrigue Sosthène Nana,3 Honorine Dahourou,3 Jacques Simpore1,2 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LaBioGene), Training and Research Unit in Life and Earth Sciences, University Ouaga I Professor Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; 2Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; 3National Blood Transfusion Center (NBTC), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; 4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana Introduction: In sub-Saharan Africa, the high endemicity of blood-borne infections is a serious threat to transfusion safety. In order to improve transfusion safety, Burkina Faso has undertaken in recent years a reorganization of its blood-transfusion system through the creation of a National Blood Transfusion Center, which is the only blood operator in the whole country. This study aimed to estimate the residual risk of transmission of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) by blood transfusion at the Regional Blood Transfusion Center (RBTC) of Ouagadougou.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the RBTC of Ouagadougou between 2015 and 2017. Prevalence of infectious markers was calculated for first-time donors and incidence rates calculated for repeat donors who had made at least two donations of blood over the study period. Residual risks were estimated for the three viruses (HIV, HBV, and HCV) by multiplying the incidence rate per 100,000 person-years by the respective durations of serological windows.Results: Between 2015 and 2017, of a total of 84,299 blood donors, 68,391 (81.13%) were first-time donors compared to 15,908 (18.87%) repeat donors. The seroprevalence of HBV (8.56%) was twice that of HCV (4.40%) and fourfold that of HIV (1.80%). Incidence rates were 1,215, 2,601, and 1,599 per 100,000 donations for HIV, HCV, and HBV, respectively. In contrast, the estimated residual risk for HCV (1 in 213 donations) was double that of HBV (1 in 408 donations) and four times that of HIV (1 in 1,366).Conclusion: The residual risk of transmission of these viruses by blood transfusion remains high in repeat donors. An effective donor-retention and education policy could help to reduce this residual risk. Keywords: infectious diseases, prevalence, incidence, residual transfusion ris
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textTo obtain more information about rotavirus (ROTAV) genotypes in Burkina Faso, we characterized 100 ROTAVs isolated from fecal samples of children with acute gastroenteritis in the capital city of Ouagadougou, during December 2009-March 2010. Of note, 13% of the ROTAV-positive samples, including those with mixed infections, were positive for the unusual G6 genotype ROTAV strain. The genotypes identified were G9P[8], G6P[6], G1P[6], G3P[6], G1P[8], and G2P[4]. G9P[8] subgroup (SG)II strains dominated during the beginning of the ROTAV season, but later in the season, other G types associated with P[6] and SGI specificity emerged. This emergence was related to a shift in the overall age of infected children; ROTAV SGII infected younger children and induced more severe symptoms. The finding of a high incidence of G6P[6] strains highlights the need for long-term surveillance of ROTAV strains in Burkina Faso, especially when ROTAV vaccination is being considered in several African countries
Study of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-migratory properties of essential oils of several medicinal plants of Burkina Faso on prostate cancer and glioblastoma
No full textLes huiles essentielles sont des complexes naturels de molécules volatiles et odorantes, synthétisées par les plantes aromatiques. Elles possèdent des propriétés anti-infectieuses, antioxydantes, anticancéreuses.... Le présent travail a concerné l’étude des propriétés anti-oxydantes, anti-inflammatoires, anti-prolifératives et anti-migratoires des huiles essentielles de Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov., Cymbopogon citratus [DC] Stapf, Ocimum basilicum Linnæus, Ocimum americanum Linnæus, Hyptis spicigera Lamarck, Lippia multiflora Moldenk, Ageratum conyzoides Linnæus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnhardt et Zingiber officinale Roscoe du Burkina Faso sur des lignées cellulaires LNCaP et PC-3 du cancer de la prostate et SF-767 et SF-763 de glioblastome. Les huiles essentielles ont été extraites par hydrodistillation à l’aide d’un appareil type Clevenger adapté et analysées par GC/MS et GC/FID. L’activité antioxydante a été évaluée par les méthodes DPPH et ABTS, et l’activité anti-inflammatoire par l’inhibition de la lipoxygénase. L’activité antiproliférative a été réalisée par le test MTT sur des lignées cellulaires LNCaP et PC- 3 du cancer de la prostate et des SF-767 et SF-763 du glioblastome. L’action des huiles essentielles sur la résistance à l’anoikis par la méthode Soft agar, leur action sur la migration cellulaire par le test de Scratch et leur action sur le cycle cellulaire par l’analyse des protéines par Western Blot. Les constituants majoritaires sont principalement : α-terpineol (59,78%) pour O. basilicum ; 1, 8-cineol (31,22%) pour O. americanum ; β-caryophyllene (21%) et α-pinene (20,11%) pour H. spicigera ; p-cymene (25,27%) pour L. multiflora ; precocene (82,10%) pour A. conyzoides ; eucalyptol (59,55%) pour E. camaldulensis ; arcurcumene (16,67%) et camphène (12,70%) pour Z. officinale ; géranial ou citral A (48,18%) et néral ou Citral B (34,37%) pour C. citratus ; limonène (19,33%) et mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol cis (17,34%) pour C. giganteus. Toutes les huiles ont présenté une activité antioxydante et anti-inflammatoire. C. citratus a présenté la meilleure capacité à piéger les radicaux DPPH . (%I= 67,58%) et L. multiflora la plus forte capacité à réduire les radicaux ABTS + (1,02 μmolET/g). Z. officinale a présenté la meilleure inhibition de la lipoxygénase (100% d’inhibition à 8mg/ml et 50,9% à 0,4 mg/ml). Seules les huiles essentielles de C. giganteus, C. citratus, O. basilicum, Z. officinale, L. multiflora et A. conyzoides ont présenté des propriétés antiprolifératives. C. citratus a présenté la meilleure activité antiproliférative aussi bien sur les lignées cellulaires LNCaP (IC 50 = 6,36 μg/ml) et PC-3 (IC 50 = 32,1μg/ml) du cancer de la prostate que sur celles SF-767 (IC 50 = 45,13μg/ml) et SF-763 (IC 50 = 172,05μg/ml) du glioblastome. Statistiquement, l’activité du citral sur les cellules LNCaP du cancer de la prostate est égale à celle de C. citratus et correspond au tiers de celle présentée par le cisplatine, un anticancéreux de référence utilisé dans la chimiothérapie. C. citratus et le citral induisent l’anoikis et empêchent la migration cellulaire tout comme le cisplatine. C. citratus et le citral entraînent également la répression de Rb, l’activation de p21 et de P27 du cycle. Les résultats de ces travaux montrent que les huiles essentielles de certaines plantes médicinales aromatiques du Burkina Faso ont un potentiel anti-tumoral sur les lignées cellulaires LNCaP et PC-3 du cancer de la prostate, et les lignées cellulaires SF-767 et SF-763 de glioblastome.Essential oils are natural complex of volatile and odorous molecules, synthesized by aromatic plants. They have anti-infective, antioxidant, anticancer properties... The present work concerned the chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer propertiesof essential oils of Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov., Cymbopogon citratus [DC] Stapf, Ocimum basilicum Linnæus, Ocimum americanum Linnæus, Hyptis spicigera Lamarck, Lippia multiflora Moldenk, Ageratum conyzoides Linnæus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnhardt and Zingiber officinale Roscoe of Burkina Faso. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus adapted and analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS methods, and anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of lipoxygenase. The antiproliferative activity was performed by the MTT assay on LNCaP and PC-3 cell lines of prostate cancer and SF-767 and SF-763 cell lines of glioblastoma. The action of essential oils on the resistance to anoikis through by soft agar method, their effect on cell migration by Scratch test and their action on the cell cycle by protein analysis by Western Blot. The major constituents are mainly: α-terpineol (59.78%) for O. basilicum ; 1, 8-cineol (31.22%) for O. americanum ; β-caryophyllene (21%) and α-pinene (20.11%) for H. spicigera ; p-cymene (25.27%) for L. multiflora ; precocene (82.10%) for A. conyzoides ; eucalyptol (59,55%) for E. camaldulensis ; arcurcumene (16.67%) and camphene (12.70%) for Z. officinale ; geranial or citral A (48.18%) and neral or citral B (34.37%) for C. citratus ; limonene (19.33%) and mentha-1 (7) ,8-dien-2-ol cis (17.34%) for C. giganteus. All oils were presented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. C. citratus has presented the best ability to scavenge DPPH . radicals (% I = 67.58%) and L. multiflora strongest ability to reduce ABTS+ radicals (1.02 μmolET / g). Z. officinale has submitted the best lipoxygenase inhibition (100% inhibition at 8mg/ml and 50.9% at 0.4 mg / ml). Only essential oils of C. giganteus, C. citratus, O. basilicum, Z. officinale, L. multiflora and A. conyzoides showed antiproliferative properties. C. citratus has submitted the best antiproliferative activity on both cell lines LNCaP (IC 50 = 6.36 μg/ml) and PC-3 (IC 50 = 32.1μg/ml) of prostate cancer than those SF-767 (IC 50 = 45.13μg/ml) and SF-763 (IC 50 = 172.05μg/ml) of glioblastoma. Statistically, citral activity on LNCaP prostate cancer is equal to that of C. citratus and corespond third of that presented by cisplatin, a reference used in cancer chemotherapy. C. citratus and citral induce anoikis and prevent cell migration as cisplatin. C. citratus and citral also lead repression of Rb, activation of p21 and P27 of cycle. The results of this work show that essential oils of some aromatic medicinal plants from Burkina Faso have anti-tumor potential on LNCaP and PC-3 cell lines of prostate cancer, and the SF-767 and SF-763 glioblastoma cell lines
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