1,720,972 research outputs found
TRI-TROPHIC INTERACTIONS IN SOYBEAN AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS: MECHANISMS, ECOLOGICAL RELEVANCE, AND APPLICATION POTENTIAL OF NATURAL ENEMIES OF KUDZU BUGS
Get PDFA series of studies were conducted to evaluate herbivore-herbivore and herbivore-parasitoid interactions that may impact the kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria F. (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) population in soybean. Experiments on herbivore-herbivore interactions using kudzu bugs and either southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula L. or brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys Stål aimed to examine the potential competition or facilitation among these herbivorous pests. Parasitoid-herbivore interactions were conducted using kudzu bug egg parasitoids, Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Paratelenomus saccharalis Dodd (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) to better understand the factors influencing parasitoid effectiveness and improve biological control strategies for kudzu bug management. To understand kudzu bug-stink bug interactions, the direct and indirect impacts of kudzu bug infestation on the behavior of two stink bug species were investigated. The brown marmorated stink bug preferred healthy soybean plants in the presence of kudzu bugs but shifted towards infested plants when kudzu bug adults were removed, while the southern green stink bug consistently preferred infested plants. Kudzu bug density had a more significant effect on brown marmorated stink bug landing preference than on southern green stink bug. Kudzu bug infestation altered responses in soybean, reducing interspecific interaction for brown marmorated stink bug but enhancing it for southern green stink bug. To further understand kudzu bug-parasitoid interactions, the effects of different adult parasitoid food sources, host eggs: adult parasitoid ratios, and host exposure times on the proportion and sex ratio of the parasitoid offspring were evaluated. The study found that honey as a food source, a 21:7 host: parasitoid ratio, and three-five days of exposure time resulted in the highest proportion of female-biased offspring for O. nezarae, while the same food source and host to parasitoid ratio at a one-day host exposure were optimal for P. saccharalis to maximize female offspring production. These findings provide new insights into the biology of these egg parasitoids. Building on this knowledge, the study also investigated parasitoids' olfactory responses influenced by their physiological state and learning status during host-foraging strategies. It was found that both parasitoid species innately responded to host-associated stimuli, regardless of their hunger or host experience. Female parasitoids used volatile cues from infested soybean plants with kudzu bug eggs and footprint trails left by adult kudzu bugs to locate their host. In a final study, interspecific interactions between O. nezarae and P. saccharalis were investigated. It was found that simultaneous release of both parasitoids led to higher host egg parasitism than sequential release. Ooencyrtus nezarae produced more total offspring but mostly male offspring. In aggressive behavior, P. saccharalis used head butting to fight O. nezarae. Ooencyrtus nezarae was able to develop in host eggs parasitized by P. saccharalis, acting as a superior larval competitor. The findings of this project provide valuable insights for enhancing biological control strategies against kudzu bugs by understanding kudzu bug-stink bug interactions, kudzu bug egg parasitoids’ requirements, behaviors, and their interspecific interactions.
Keywords: Kudzu bug, Parasitoids, Biological control programs, Olfactory behavior, Plasticity, Chemical footprint
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Association Mapping of SSR Markers to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Resistance in Cultivated Peanuts
Get PDFTomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV), one of most serious diseases in peanut, is transmitted by thrips (Franklinieila occidentalis). The mechanism of TSWV resistance and relevant genes in peanut are still unknown. Breeding and selection of resistant genotypes is the optimal method to manage TSWV in peanut. In order to more efficiently breed resistant cultivars, marker assisted selection should be implemented in breeding program. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to screen the peanut U.S. peanut mini core collection to identify genotypes that are resistant to TSWV; to examine genetic diversity and population structure in the U.S. peanut mini core collection by SSR markers, and to conduct an association mapping of SSR markers to TSWV resistance in cultivated peanuts. One hundred eighteen genotypes of the U.S. peanut mini-core germplasm collection were used for screening for TSWV resistance by mechanical inoculation and ELISA assay. One hundred and thirty-three SSR markers were applied for genotyping the panel of 104 peanut genotypes. Four Two genotypes, PI356004, and PI493880, PI355271, and PI496401, were identified as resistant to TSWV based on the data from mechanical inoculation, ELISA, and field evaluation. Four subpopulations were classified by population structure analysis, and corresponded to botanical varieties to a certain extent. Association mapping analysis indicated that the five markers, pPGPseq5D5, GM1135, GM1991, TC23C08, and TC24C06, were consistently associated with visual symptoms by four models, Q model, PCA model, Q+K model, and PCA+K model. These identified markers accounts for 36.4% of the phenotypic variance for TSWV resistance. Moreover, pPGPseq5D5 and GM1991 were both associated with visual symptoms and ELISA resulting in a high R2. These highly resistant genotypes along with their associated markers could be used for the development of TSWV-resistant cultivars in a peanut breeding programs
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
