1,721,549 research outputs found
Preattentive phonotactic processing
No full textDie vorliegende Dissertation basiert auf drei Zeitschriftenveröffentlichungen, in denen es um die empirische Untersuchung von Sprachverarbeitung geht. Für die Untersuchung prä-attentiver Verarbeitung von phonologischen Regeln des Deutschen wurden ereigniskorrelierte Potentiale verwendet. Das heißt, es wurden Hirnströme gemessen, während den Probanden ein Film präsentiert wurde. Die Versuchsteilnehmer wurden angehalten, die dargebotenen akustischen Reize zu ignorieren. Die präsentierten Stimuli waren sogenannte „standards“ und „deviants“. Bei den im Verhältnis selten vorkommenden deviants wurde ein Laut ausgetauscht und diese Veränderung bewirkt (gemittelt und subtrahiert von den gemessenen Hirnströmen der standards) einen Ausschlag im EEG-Signal. Diesen nennt man „Mismatch Negativity“ (MMN). Studien haben gezeigt, dass ein zusätzlicher Ausschlag zu beobachten ist, wenn das Gehirn eine Verletzung einer phonologischen Regel erkannt hat. Die ersten beiden Experimente beschäftigten sich daher mit phonologischen Regeln, nämlich mit der g-Tilgung und der Auslautverhärtung. Es wurde überprüft, ob phonologische Regeln prä-attentiv angewendet werden, sodass Verletzungen detektiert (sichtbar durch eine zweite MMN im Signal, zusätzlich zur Lautänderung) oder sogar repariert werden (verringerte oder verschwundene MMN im Signal). Im letzten Experiment wurde untersucht, ob es möglich ist, zwei Mismatch Negativities zu erhalten, wenn man direkt aufeinanderfolgende deviants präsentiert. Durch die Darbietung illegaler Stimuli (Stimuli, in denen phonologische Regeln verletzt wurden) in verschiedenen Kontexten wurden sowohl eine Detektion der Verletzung als auch eine Reparatur dieser Verletzung festgestellt, was mit mehreren ähnlichen Studien verglichen wird. Das letzte Experiment ergab nur eine einzelne MMN, die jedoch stärker war als in Vergleichsstudien. Ausschlaggebend war hier die Vorhersagbarkeit des zweiten deviants, da dieser sich immer änderte, wenn auch der erste Laut sich unterschieden hat.This dissertation is based on a cumulus of publications that consists of three journal publications which deal with the empirical investigation of speech processing. Three experiments are presented and discussed, in which the preattentive processing of phonological rules in German is examined with eventrelated brain potentials (ERPs) as the dependent variable. Therefore the cognitive electrophysiology is introduced at first, because this method was used throughout these studies. In the next chapters phonotactic knowledge is introduced and some Mismatch Negativity studies which deal with it are described, which is followed by the goal of the experiments. The empirical section starts with an experiment examining the German phonological rule of g-deletion. The second one deals with final devoicing. Finally the goal of the last experiment was to find out whether it is possible to detect two Mismatch Negativities (MMN) with two predictable successive deviants. In the last chapter a generalized summary of the present work is given with some thoughts of possible further experiments.N
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Danish Directors: Dialogues on a Contemporary National Cinema
No full textProfiling the canonized figures alongside recently-established filmmakers, this collection features interviews with Lars von Trier, Søren Kragh-Jacobsen, Thomas Vinterberg and Henning Carlsen among many others. It poses questions that engage with ongoing and controversial issues within film studies, which will stimulate debate in academic and filmgoing circles alike.</p
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The Danish Directors: Dialogues on a Contemporary National Cinema
No full textProfiling the canonized figures alongside recently-established filmmakers, this collection features interviews with Lars von Trier, Søren Kragh-Jacobsen, Thomas Vinterberg and Henning Carlsen among many others. It poses questions that engage with ongoing and controversial issues within film studies, which will stimulate debate in academic and filmgoing circles alike.</p
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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