661 research outputs found
Interculturality - narrative forms in Sten Nadolny's novels
No full textDie Dissertation zum Thema -»Interkulturalität - Erzählformen im Werk von Sten Nadolny-« behandelt ausgewählte Romanwerke von Sten Nadolny, nämlich "Die Entdeckung der Langsamkeit" (1983) und "Selim oder Die Gabe der Rede" (1990). In ihr werden die Ambivalenz des Verhältnisses von Eigenem und Fremdem und die dazu in den Texten praktizierten Modelle des Austauschs zwischen diesen beiden Instanzen untersucht. Die in den Romanen angesprochenen Problemfelder der 'Langsamkeit' und der 'Rede' erscheinen als zwei Merkmale randständiger Identität, die in Opposition und wechselseitigem Dialog mit den herrschenden Wahrnehmungen und Verständnissen der Umgebung stehen. Die Thematik der Interkulturalität als Wechselwirkung von Fremdem und Eigenem und ihre erzähltechnische Verwirklichung in den Romanen umfassen Aspekte des Inhalts und der Form. Ihre Betrachtung in der vorliegenden Arbeit ist durch die eigene fremdkulturelle Sicht der untersuchenden Instanz geprägt. Damit aber wird eine Infragestellung herkömmlicher Methoden der Analyse möglich. Das Ziel ist, eine neue (fremdkulturelle) Perspektive bei der Behandlung von interkulturell bezogenen Werken einzubeziehen. Dazu dient insbesondere die Betrachtung der Wechselwirkung zwischen alternativen erzähltechnischen Ausdrucksmöglichkeiten und alternierenden Erzählinhalten in Nadolnys erzählerischem Konzept. Die Auseinandersetzung der Literaturkritik mit dem Thema des Fremden und Eigenen wird durch das Verständnis der Verfasserin aus fremder Sicht kritisch kommentiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit umfasst fünf Kapitel. Auf das Konzept des Erzählers Sten Nadolny, sein Verständnis des Erzählens und seine Erzähltechnik wird auch im Rahmen der Diskussion um die ›Postmoderne‹ eingegangen. Hierbei soll besonders auf sein Arbeitsverfahren aufmerksam gemacht werden, das sich den ästhetischen Möglichkeiten des "fremden Blicks" widmet. Kapitel II und III gehen auf die Konstruktion der Lebensgeschichten und anschließend auf den Wechsel der Erzählformen ein. In Kapitel IV legen Schlussfolgerungen aus dieser Auseinandersetzung mit Werk und Erzähler Position und Rolle Sten Nadolnys in der deutschen Gegenwartsliteratur fest. Die Arbeit endet mit einem Kapitel zur Literatur über Sten Nadolny und sein Werk, Erzählen, Interkulturalität und Postmoderne.This dissertation "Interculturality - narrative forms in Sten Nadolny- novels" treats selected novel works of Sten Nadolny, i.e. "The Discovery of Slowness" (1983) and "Selim or The Gift of Speech" (1990). The ambivalence of the relationship between the Self and the Other as well as the types of exchange between these two instances is practiced in the texts and examined. The problematic forms of 'slowness' and 'speech' addressed in both novels appear to reinforce a sense of "exiled" identity, which stands as two characteristics in opposition and mutual dialogue with the dominant perceptions and understandings of the environment. Their narrative implementation in the novels, in the contents and in their formal structure address the issue of Interculturality as a reciprocal relationship between the self and the other. The characters" points of view in the available works are changed by the presence of foreigners" cultural viewpoints. Thus the questioning of conventional methods of the analysis becomes possible. The goal of this dissertation is to include within this perspective a treatment of intercultural references. In addition the dissertation discusses in particular the view of reciprocity between alternative structural possibilities and alternative narrative possibilities in Nadolny- work. A discussion of the literary critical history on the history of the Other and the Self is augmented by the author- own perspective on foreignness. The argument is divided into five chapters. The first chapter explores the concept of the storyteller Sten Nadolny within the context of Postmodernism criticism. Here particular attention is paid to his narrative structure and the aesthetic possibilities of the "foreign" view. Chapters II and III deal with the construction of life stories and the subsequent transformation of the narrative forms. In the concluding chapters the storyteller- positionality and role of Sten Nadolnys in contemporary German literature. The work ends with a chapter dedicated to the literature about Sten Nadolny, his work, narration, interculturality and postmodernism
The road not taken: lineage bias and restriction of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
No full textThe mammalian haematopoietic system is a progressively lineage-restricted branching hierarchy that replenishes mature blood cells throughout the life of an organism. Self-renewing haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside at the apex of the hierarchy and give rise to multipotent progenitors that undergo increasingly restricted lineage commitments, until they finally assume a single cell fate at the exclusion of all others. Several competing models of the haematopoietic hierarchy have been proposed, and it is yet unclear if all mechanisms of lineage commitment in definitive haematopoiesis are identical between foetal liver (FL) and adult bone marrow (BM). Herein we explored early lineage fate decisions in the first branches of the lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor (LMPP) model of haematopoiesis.
We prospectively isolated the earliest known immune-restricted progenitor from early FL and yolk sac, prior to the establishment of definitive haematopoiesis in the embryo. These progenitors express early lymphoid-affiliated genes â recombination-activating gene 1 (Rag1), interleukin-7 receptor (Il7r), and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) â and were shown to be equivalent to the adult BM LMPP compartment, having robust combined lympho-myeloid potentials but little or no megakaryocyte/erythroid potentials. Moreover, the physiological contribution of this immune-restricted progenitor to embryonic myelopoiesis was conclusively demonstrated, supporting the relevance of the LMPP model of the haematopoietic hierarchy in early embryonic lymphoid commitment.
In other studies pertaining to the myeloid/megakaryocyte/erythroid branch of the LMPP model, we characterised the function of individual platelet-biased and platelet-restricted HSCs in adult BM. Based on our findings we propose a revised model of the LMPP hierarchy, with the addition of a primitive megakaryocyte-restricted pathway of HSC differentiation. In contrast, we found that platelet-biased reconstitution behaviour is very rare in FL HSCs, but is promptly acquired by FL-derived adult HSCs. Therefore, the megakaryocyte-restricted differentiation branch proposed might be exclusive to adult haematopoiesis.
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STEN NADOLNY i sztuka opowiadania życia
No full textIm Autobiographiediskurs spielen Romane bisher keine nennenswerte Rolle als theoretische Impulsgeber. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, dass STEN NADOLNYS Selim oder Die Gabe der Rede eine autofiktionale Situation im inneren der diegetischen Welt erzeugt und sich damit für die Reflexion autobiographietheoretischer Problemkontexte eignet. Mit Rekurs auf Kristevas Überlegungen zur Selbst-Fremdheit werden die ‚autofiktionalen‘ Schreibakte vorgeführt, die das Individuum auch vom Fremden her erschreiben. Als dezentrierte Selbstlebensbeschreibung überschreitet NADOLNYS Roman damit gängige Formen der Autofiktion.Discourse concerning autobiography does not usually include novels as material for theoretical study. This article demonstrates how STEN NADOLNY’S novel Selim oder Die Gabe der Rede creates an autofictional situation within a diegetic world; therefore it may be a subject of reflection on theoretical problems associated with autobiography. In the context of Julia Kristeva’s deliberations on self-alienation, the Author discusses ‘autofictional’ acts of writing that describe the self through the ‘other’. As decentered life-writing, NADOLNY’S novel transcends common forms of autofiction.W rozważaniach nad autobiografią gatunek powieściowy odgrywał do niedawna mało istotną rolę jako przedmiot badań. Artykuł pokazuje, że powieść STENA NADOLNEGO Selim oder Die Gabe der Rede tworzy w świecie przedstawionym sytuację autofikcjonalną. Tym samym można ten utwór poddać teoretycznej refleksji w odniesieniu do autobiografii. W kontekście rozważań Julii Kristevy na temat obcości podmiotu wobec samego siebie, przedstawione zostają autofikcjonalne strategie pisarskie, które wywodzą autobiografię od ‚obcego’. Powieść NADOLNEGO – można ją nazwać ‚zdezorientowanym’ opisem samego siebie – przekracza wobec tego tradycyjne formy autofikcji
Vem är »Maja Lundgren« i Maja Lundgrens Myggor och tigrar? Fakta och fiktion som ontologi, framställningssätt eller retorisk kommunikationsakt
No full textSten Wistrand is associate professor in comparative
literature at Örebro University.Maja Lundgren’s outspoken description in Myggor och tigrar
(2007) of the male dominated cultural life of Sweden raised an
animated debate in media. Well known authors and journalists
felt themselves scandalized and accused Lundgren of being
paranoid. Others claimed that the narrator and character
»Maja Lundgren« was not to be confused with Maja Lundgren
the author, because the book was fictional and not factual. In
this article I discuss Myggor och tigrar out from different
fiction theories and conclude that it seems most rewarding to
approach the problem of fictionality as a question of rhetorical
communication rather than ontology or stylistic devices. I also
maintain that Lundgren’s book would implode if read as fiction,
since the rhetorical strategy implies the identity of the
author and the character
Unravelling haematopoietic stem cell dysfunction in isolated Del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes
No full textMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a heterogeneous group of haematological malignancies. A subgroup of MDS patients are characterized by heterozygous deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5, Del(5q), as the only karyotypic abnormality. The commonly deleted region (CDR) on chromosome 5 contains approximately forty-two genes and haploinsufficiency of one or more of these genes is thought to be the basis for Del(5q) MDS pathogenesis.
The 5q deletion originates in the Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) compartment and Del(5q) HSCs have a clonal advantage, outcompeting healthy HSCs in the bone marrow of patients. Although they have a competitive advantage in situ, Del(5q) HSCs perform poorly in functional stem cell assays in vitro and in vivo.
A mouse model of Del(5q) MDS, the Cd74-Nid67 model, carries a heterozygous deletion of eight genes located within the CDR. Cd74-Nid67 haploinsufficiency causes macrocytic anaemia and bone marrow dysplasia in mice. However, the impact of Cd74-Nid67 haploinsufficiency on HSC function has not previously been investigated.
The results presented, herein, demonstrate that haploinsufficiency of Cd74-Nid67 has a significant impact on HSC self-renewal and repopulation potential. Furthermore, two genes within this region, Rps14 and Rbm22, are identified as likely candidates responsible for Cd74-Nid67 HSC dysfunction. Finally, we demonstrate that Cd74-Nid67 HSC dysfunction is driven by a P53-dependent mechanism.
This study provides important insights into the mechanistic basis for disease development and propagation, which may facilitate the development of improved therapeutic avenues for Del(5q) MDS patients
Investigating the specific roles of the growth factor kit ligand in the regulation of murine haematopoiesis
No full textCharacterisation and targeting of stem cells in myelodysplastic syndromes
No full textUnderstanding which cells within a cancer are responsible for its initiation and propagation is vital if we are to achieve cure. If cancer stem cells are the only population able to sustain a tumour long term, designing therapeutic strategies to target this population will give medical science the best chance of long-term cure. Significant controversy remains over the existence of cancer stem cells, predominantly due to the lack of a sensitive human cancer stem cell assay. This thesis investigates whether two haematological malignancies, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) can only be driven by rare and distinct cancer stem cells. We have demonstrated that low and intermediate-1 risk MDS is driven solely by the stem cell (Lin- CD34+ CD38- CD90+ CD45RA-) by developing a novel genetic approach, tracing all somatic mutations and karyotypic abnormalities back to this population. Prior to this study, very little was known about the clonal architecture of CMML. By performing detailed phenotypic, functional, molecular and genetic analysis of patients with CMML, we were able to demonstrate that the most likely candidate driver cell in these patients was also the stem cell rather than any of the down-stream progenitors. Currently, effective therapeutic strategies for MDS or CMML are very limited. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the only potential cure and not suitable for most patients. Cancer stem cells, including MDS stem cells are known to be highly quiescent and selectively resistant to therapy. Having demonstrated that both MDS and CMML were driven by stem cells, we developed a novel therapeutic targeting strategy. Using the thrombopoietin receptor agonist, Romiplostim, we were able to activate stem cells and enhance their subsequent sensitivity to chemotherapy dramatically. This approach may facilitate improved remission rates and prevent cancer stem cell driven relapse in many diseases
The emergence and early fate decisions of stem and progenitor cells in the haematopoietic system
No full textThe alternative road map describes the separation of lympho-myeloid and myeloid-megakaryocyte-erythroid (myeloid-Mk-E) lineages as the earliest haematopoietic commitment event. However, a number of aspects of this lineage restriction process remain poorly understood. Herein this work identified a lympho-myeloid restricted progenitor in the embryo, which resembles the adult LMPP, and demonstrated that lymphoid lineage restriction is initiated prior to definitive haematopoiesis, much earlier than previously appreciated. In vivo fate mapping showed that lympho-myeloid progenitors significantly contribute to steady state myelopoiesis in the embryo. The early thymic progenitor (ETP) as most primitive cell in the thymus was characterised and demonstrated to sustain B, T and myeloid but not Mk potentials at the single cell level. The ETP therefore largely resembles the cellular properties of lympho-myeloid progenitors in bone marrow and foetal liver, which points to these cells as candidate thymus seeding progenitors (TSP). Furthermore the existence of a putative Mk progenitor was explored within the LSKCD150+CD48+Gata1pos compartment of a Gata1 reporter mouse providing the basis for a future prospective characterisation. Finally, this work evaluated the earliest lineage restriction of von Willebrand factor (Vwf)-EGFP+ and EGFP- haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through in vitro paired daughter fate mapping. Single Vwf+ HSCs showed heterogeneous Mk priming and more frequently sustained Mk potential after cell division. Moreover, analysis of lineage priming between daughter cells revealed the asymmetric expression of key lineage determinants and stem cell regulators, which might be employed as reporters for future fate mapping studies
The Phantom Walking the Text: The Death of the Author Reconsidered.
No full textThe author was killed by Roland Barthes in 1968 in the essay "The Death of the Author". This was an act of euthanasia, forming part of a larger poststructuralist project of putting down obdurate rhetorical practices in literature, where the endorsement of myths like authenticity, the representational value of language, the idea of the final analysis, according to Barthes, had unreasonably governed the ways in which literature was written, read and understood. The author figured as a mark of power, as the authority of a closed sign-system, dictating, or centralising, the ways in which a text must be read. With the author over and done with and the general rhetorical ploys of narration demasked, stripping language to represent nothing but itself, the stage was set for a new understanding (and practice) of literature as a particularly decentred and liberating zone that would seize on any form of power discourse - history, anthropology, politics, religion, etc - still abusing the powers of deception in language in the interest of the speaker.
The role and impact of Del(5q) and TP53 mutations on haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells during the progression of Myelodysplastic Syndrome to Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
No full textMyelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of haematological
malignancies characterised by ineffective haematopoiesis and dysplastic bone
marrow changes. Patients frequently progress to Acute Myeloid Leukaemia and
this is associated with very poor clinical outcomes. This thesis focusses on a
subtype of MDS, Del(5q) MDS.
Sequencing analysis revealed that Del(5q) is frequently the initiating
lesion in low risk isolated Del(5q) MDS and tracking patients over time
demonstrated progressive disease is associated with the acquisition of new
mutations (including Tp53 mutations). Early in disease, MDS appears to be
sustained by the Lin-CD34+CD38-CD90+CD45RA- MDS stem cells. In one
patient, however, at the point of disease progression and after the acquisition of
a Tp53 mutation, self-renewal activity could be detected in a progenitor cell
population outside the stem cell compartment.
On the basis of these findings and previous evidence linking Tp53
mutations with progression of Del(5q) MDS, mouse models were used to
investigate if and how Del(5q) and mutant Tp53 collaborate to perturb
haematopoiesis. An established model of Del(5q) (heterozygous deletion of
Cd74-Nid67) was combined with a Tp53 knockout model and conditional knockin
models of Tp53 mutations found in MDS patients. This work showed Tp53
loss and mutations collaborate with Del(5q) to alter haematopoietic stem/
progenitor cell number, function and differentiation ability. Del(5q)+/-Tp53-/-
cells also uniquely develop long-term self-renewal potential in vitro which can
be associated with chromosomal instability. Preliminary evidence also suggests
a possible role for Del(5q) itself in the development of chromosomal instability.</p
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