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Kreativitet i samtidens arbejdsliv
No full textThis thesis aims to criticize contemporary work life in relation to creativity. The criticism is based on normative conditions for a just society by Axel Honneth brought together with psychological theories of creativity by Donald Winnicott and Mark Runco. This produces a preconception, which then through empirical data gathered from qualitative interviews, seeks to problematize three employees work practices at a specific workplace; an e-learning computer game company "Serious Games Interactive". The project's findings are somewhat consistent with the theoretical preconceptions; the employee's creative practice is a navigation in a field of tension constituted by contradictory conditions, in which the employee seeks to realize his individual freedom, and thus achieve the recognition that makes working life to be experienced as satisfactory. The primary criticism of the company and contemporary working life then becomes that the level of efficiency the employees must work by, sometimes greatly limits the space wherein the possibility lies to be creative and thus recognized.This thesis aims to criticize contemporary work life in relation to creativity. The criticism is based on normative conditions for a just society by Axel Honneth brought together with psychological theories of creativity by Donald Winnicott and Mark Runco. This produces a preconception, which then through empirical data gathered from qualitative interviews, seeks to problematize three employees work practices at a specific workplace; an e-learning computer game company "Serious Games Interactive". The project's findings are somewhat consistent with the theoretical preconceptions; the employee's creative practice is a navigation in a field of tension constituted by contradictory conditions, in which the employee seeks to realize his individual freedom, and thus achieve the recognition that makes working life to be experienced as satisfactory. The primary criticism of the company and contemporary working life then becomes that the level of efficiency the employees must work by, sometimes greatly limits the space wherein the possibility lies to be creative and thus recognized
Arbejdsmiljøet i Helsingør Kommunes hjemmepleje: The work environment at the home care in Helsingør Kommune
No full textDenne projektrapport søger at belyse, hvilke konsekvenser udlicitering af bløde velfærdsydelser i danske kommuner har for de ansatte. Hertil har projektgruppen valgt at rette fokus mod de ansatte i den kommunale hjemmepleje, med Helsingør Kommune som case. Udlicitering blev af Det Økonomiske Råd i 2004 nævnt som en metode, hvor de danske kommuner kunne spare på deres budgetter, hvilket er en af hovedårsagerne til at udlicitere, ifølge rapporten “Hvor ikke udbyde?”, som er udarbejdet af Udliciteringsrådet i 2006 for Finansministeriet. Projektets fokus på udlicitering ligger ikke på økonomien, men på de konsekvenser udlicitering har for trivslen og det psykiske arbejdsmiljø blandt de berørte medarbejdere. Hvordan udlicitering påvirker medarbejderne er forskelligt fra kommune til kommune og fra branche til branche, hvilket i dette projekt ikke inddrages, da valget af casen om de ansatte i Helsingør Kommunes hjemmepleje, har gjort det muligt at skabe en mere specifik viden om, hvordan udlicitering påvirker netop de ansatte. For at denne specifikke viden kan betragtes som værende gyldig og relevant, er et eksisterende forskningsprojekt, Effekter ved udlicitering af offentlige opgaver - En forskningsbaseret gennemgang af danske og internationale undersøgelser fra 2000-2011, inddraget i analysen, af konsekvenserne ved udlicitering af offentlige opgaver. En undersøgelse, af det psykiske arbejdsmiljø blandt de ansatte i den offentlige hjemmepleje, er relevant, da sygefraværet blandt netop denne gruppen er væsentligt højere i det offentlige end i det private. Undersøgelsen af det psykiske arbejdsmiljø tager udgangspunkt i et interview med en ansat i Helsingør Kommunes hjemmepleje, samt et survey udfyldt af seks medarbejdere fra samme arbejdsplads. Med udgangspunkt i undersøgelsens resultater fandt projektgruppen frem til, at det psykiske arbejdsmiljø påvirkes negativt af udlicitering, og den konkurrence dette skaber. Hertil er det særligt manglende medarbejdere, og det tidspres dette skaber, som ligeledes kan have en sammenhæng med det høje sygefravær.Denne projektrapport søger at belyse, hvilke konsekvenser udlicitering af bløde velfærdsydelser i danske kommuner har for de ansatte. Hertil har projektgruppen valgt at rette fokus mod de ansatte i den kommunale hjemmepleje, med Helsingør Kommune som case. Udlicitering blev af Det Økonomiske Råd i 2004 nævnt som en metode, hvor de danske kommuner kunne spare på deres budgetter, hvilket er en af hovedårsagerne til at udlicitere, ifølge rapporten “Hvor ikke udbyde?”, som er udarbejdet af Udliciteringsrådet i 2006 for Finansministeriet. Projektets fokus på udlicitering ligger ikke på økonomien, men på de konsekvenser udlicitering har for trivslen og det psykiske arbejdsmiljø blandt de berørte medarbejdere. Hvordan udlicitering påvirker medarbejderne er forskelligt fra kommune til kommune og fra branche til branche, hvilket i dette projekt ikke inddrages, da valget af casen om de ansatte i Helsingør Kommunes hjemmepleje, har gjort det muligt at skabe en mere specifik viden om, hvordan udlicitering påvirker netop de ansatte. For at denne specifikke viden kan betragtes som værende gyldig og relevant, er et eksisterende forskningsprojekt, Effekter ved udlicitering af offentlige opgaver - En forskningsbaseret gennemgang af danske og internationale undersøgelser fra 2000-2011, inddraget i analysen, af konsekvenserne ved udlicitering af offentlige opgaver. En undersøgelse, af det psykiske arbejdsmiljø blandt de ansatte i den offentlige hjemmepleje, er relevant, da sygefraværet blandt netop denne gruppen er væsentligt højere i det offentlige end i det private. Undersøgelsen af det psykiske arbejdsmiljø tager udgangspunkt i et interview med en ansat i Helsingør Kommunes hjemmepleje, samt et survey udfyldt af seks medarbejdere fra samme arbejdsplads. Med udgangspunkt i undersøgelsens resultater fandt projektgruppen frem til, at det psykiske arbejdsmiljø påvirkes negativt af udlicitering, og den konkurrence dette skaber. Hertil er det særligt manglende medarbejdere, og det tidspres dette skaber, som ligeledes kan have en sammenhæng med det høje sygefravær
Teknologiforståelse I Folkeskolen
No full textDenmark is undergoing a rapid progress due to technologies. In order to act in such modern society, it is important to have the necessary technological literacy of our surrounding technologies. ITEA and the Danish Ministry of Children and Education have put up goals of what a student should achieve in understanding technology. This study questions the thoughts of scheduled standards by focusing on the relationship between human and technology and as well the context in which the technology exists. By participatory action research we investigate this problem setting in a second grade of public school. Through this method we have gained knowledge and insight on how the children use technology and shape their technologic literacy. In view of this, we found that the context of interaction between child and technology is highly important in order to understand the term of technological literacy.Denmark is undergoing a rapid progress due to technologies. In order to act in such modern society, it is important to have the necessary technological literacy of our surrounding technologies. ITEA and the Danish Ministry of Children and Education have put up goals of what a student should achieve in understanding technology. This study questions the thoughts of scheduled standards by focusing on the relationship between human and technology and as well the context in which the technology exists. By participatory action research we investigate this problem setting in a second grade of public school. Through this method we have gained knowledge and insight on how the children use technology and shape their technologic literacy. In view of this, we found that the context of interaction between child and technology is highly important in order to understand the term of technological literacy
Tidsmiljø - et projekt om tidens kvaliteter
No full textThe term time-environment has emerged in recent years. Center for Arbejdslivsforskning at Roskilde University, has among other things helped to propagate this. We have found the phenomenon of time environment very interesting, as it seems to be important to a good work environment. But what does the term time-environment really mean? That, we have chosen to study from the basis of a phenomenological perspective, as we believe that this perspective may help to understand the individually experience of time environment. The phenomenological perspective is being expressed through a semi-structured interview with one informant, which can help to challenge the theoretical term about time-environment. The project concludes that the experience of time environment is subjective and depends on the consciousness that is directed against the phenomenon. The project still concludes that the results contain something general, as several of the basic situations as the project's informant is located to, may reflect general situations among people of the same type of position as the informant.The term time-environment has emerged in recent years. Center for Arbejdslivsforskning at Roskilde University, has among other things helped to propagate this. We have found the phenomenon of time environment very interesting, as it seems to be important to a good work environment. But what does the term time-environment really mean? That, we have chosen to study from the basis of a phenomenological perspective, as we believe that this perspective may help to understand the individually experience of time environment. The phenomenological perspective is being expressed through a semi-structured interview with one informant, which can help to challenge the theoretical term about time-environment. The project concludes that the experience of time environment is subjective and depends on the consciousness that is directed against the phenomenon. The project still concludes that the results contain something general, as several of the basic situations as the project's informant is located to, may reflect general situations among people of the same type of position as the informant
Designprocessen frem til implementeringen af grønne tage.
No full textArchitects, citizens and public authorities deal persistently more and more with the subject of green roofs. As a result of this development many green roofs were build around the world, in particular over the course of the last 20 years. Green roofs are a proposal on how to develop metropolises with further and new green spaces. In order to achieve a well working city, interaction and communication between the public authority, the citizens and the architect is needed and has to be created. It is our goal to develop the best possible communication solution, which considers all three participants. We proceed by analyzing their point of views and subsequently arrange them together into a proper context. Our result ends up to be what we call a communication strategy. We recognize this communication strategy as a design of the communication process between the three participants, which hopefully guides to an improved cooperation and collaboration among them. Once applied, this strategy will create better conditions and circumstances for all three parts. We decided to approach this project based on study of architects, citizens and public authorities. We did so, because we consider that, as they work together, it is a difficulty for them to agree on the best possible solution for green roofs. While public authorities and architects commonly have relatively great influence on the final design of a building project, it is in many occasions the citizen that has to accept what public authorities and architects have agreed on. Our communication strategy can be seen as a potential solution to solve this problem and to compose a better communication and or cooperation.Architects, citizens and public authorities deal persistently more and more with the subject of green roofs. As a result of this development many green roofs were build around the world, in particular over the course of the last 20 years. Green roofs are a proposal on how to develop metropolises with further and new green spaces. In order to achieve a well working city, interaction and communication between the public authority, the citizens and the architect is needed and has to be created. It is our goal to develop the best possible communication solution, which considers all three participants. We proceed by analyzing their point of views and subsequently arrange them together into a proper context. Our result ends up to be what we call a communication strategy. We recognize this communication strategy as a design of the communication process between the three participants, which hopefully guides to an improved cooperation and collaboration among them. Once applied, this strategy will create better conditions and circumstances for all three parts. We decided to approach this project based on study of architects, citizens and public authorities. We did so, because we consider that, as they work together, it is a difficulty for them to agree on the best possible solution for green roofs. While public authorities and architects commonly have relatively great influence on the final design of a building project, it is in many occasions the citizen that has to accept what public authorities and architects have agreed on. Our communication strategy can be seen as a potential solution to solve this problem and to compose a better communication and or cooperation
Mangfoldig arbejdskraft - integration af ikke-vestlige indvandre på det danske arbejdsmarked
No full textThrough the past ten years there has been an increasing focus in the public debate on the integration of non-western immigrants. Self-dependence and employment are key issues in the debate and to a larger extent so is the role of the workplaces in the integration process . Diversity Management is a management strategy aiming at both integration and growth. In this study we examine how non-western immigrants experience the encounter with Danish workplaces and the Danish labour market and the challenges related to Diversity Management as a strategy aimed at integration of non-western immigrants on the labour market. The study is based on three qualitative interviews with three non-western men who in different ways have experiences with the Danish labour market. The study is based on the theories of Axel Honneth and Erving Goffman who focus respectively on culturally defined societal structures of recognition and the exchange of and lack of recognition in the interaction between people in everyday life. The experiences of the interviewees with the Danish labour market leads us to an analysis of the challenges in Diversity Management including the premisses behind the prior recruitment strategy. The study concludes that the three interviewees are not experiencing stigmatisation in the encounter with the Danish workplaces but that it is nevertheless a challenge for them to be recognised and valued equally with the applicants of ethnic Danes when applying for jobs. It is argued that a stigmatisation of the non-western immigrants is taking place which calls for a rethinking of the recruitment strategy in the work place that wishes to manage diversity.Through the past ten years there has been an increasing focus in the public debate on the integration of non-western immigrants. Self-dependence and employment are key issues in the debate and to a larger extent so is the role of the workplaces in the integration process . Diversity Management is a management strategy aiming at both integration and growth. In this study we examine how non-western immigrants experience the encounter with Danish workplaces and the Danish labour market and the challenges related to Diversity Management as a strategy aimed at integration of non-western immigrants on the labour market. The study is based on three qualitative interviews with three non-western men who in different ways have experiences with the Danish labour market. The study is based on the theories of Axel Honneth and Erving Goffman who focus respectively on culturally defined societal structures of recognition and the exchange of and lack of recognition in the interaction between people in everyday life. The experiences of the interviewees with the Danish labour market leads us to an analysis of the challenges in Diversity Management including the premisses behind the prior recruitment strategy. The study concludes that the three interviewees are not experiencing stigmatisation in the encounter with the Danish workplaces but that it is nevertheless a challenge for them to be recognised and valued equally with the applicants of ethnic Danes when applying for jobs. It is argued that a stigmatisation of the non-western immigrants is taking place which calls for a rethinking of the recruitment strategy in the work place that wishes to manage diversity
Kreativitetens psykologi
No full textThe concept of creativity seems to be used in many different contexts and to have an ambiguous meaning. The perception and understanding of the concept of creativity is influenced by great diversity and disagreement, and therefore this study seeks to provide clarity and understanding of the psychology of creativity. In view of this issue, the study seeks to analyse and discuss the understanding of creativity in four different psychological perspectives. Through analysis and discussion, we find that in the different perspectives there are differences and similarities with regard to the question of what creativity is, where it exists, and how it is facilitated. It is concluded that the diversity of understanding and perception of the concept _ reflects a diversity in psychological science and the fundamental differences between the theories, relating to the fundamental theoretical basis to understand and explore the creative process.The concept of creativity seems to be used in many different contexts and to have an ambiguous meaning. The perception and understanding of the concept of creativity is influenced by great diversity and disagreement, and therefore this study seeks to provide clarity and understanding of the psychology of creativity. In view of this issue, the study seeks to analyse and discuss the understanding of creativity in four different psychological perspectives. Through analysis and discussion, we find that in the different perspectives there are differences and similarities with regard to the question of what creativity is, where it exists, and how it is facilitated. It is concluded that the diversity of understanding and perception of the concept _ reflects a diversity in psychological science and the fundamental differences between the theories, relating to the fundamental theoretical basis to understand and explore the creative process
Perspektiver på menneskelige relationer - selv, subjekt og senmodernitet
No full textBased on the theory of positioning and the views expressed in the critical psychologie the purpose of this paper is to examine the understanding of selfhood and the subject expressed in the theories. By focussing on concepts such as subject-positionering, subjectivity and agency the aim of this paper is to obtain an understanding of the processes in which the subject is created and developed. Furthermore, we find it appropriate to focus on the possibilities that late modern society provides for the subject. Human relationships and the importance of social interaction are being discussed in this paper. Using the argument in positioning saying that selfhood is constructed by social interaction and linguistics we discuss how relational conditions affect human beings. Our study has shown that when trying to get an understanding of the subject the surroundings must be taken into account. We have come to the conclusion that in late modern society people have an increased ability to construct and organize their personal relations to best suit their needs. The current social and societal structures influence humans ability to act and therefore subjects can be seen as a product of the society and social contexts in which they live. Relations and interaction with others help to define how we see and experience our selves. It is very much the interaction between people that has an impact on how people become who they are.Based on the theory of positioning and the views expressed in the critical psychologie the purpose of this paper is to examine the understanding of selfhood and the subject expressed in the theories. By focussing on concepts such as subject-positionering, subjectivity and agency the aim of this paper is to obtain an understanding of the processes in which the subject is created and developed. Furthermore, we find it appropriate to focus on the possibilities that late modern society provides for the subject. Human relationships and the importance of social interaction are being discussed in this paper. Using the argument in positioning saying that selfhood is constructed by social interaction and linguistics we discuss how relational conditions affect human beings. Our study has shown that when trying to get an understanding of the subject the surroundings must be taken into account. We have come to the conclusion that in late modern society people have an increased ability to construct and organize their personal relations to best suit their needs. The current social and societal structures influence humans ability to act and therefore subjects can be seen as a product of the society and social contexts in which they live. Relations and interaction with others help to define how we see and experience our selves. It is very much the interaction between people that has an impact on how people become who they are
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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