64,564 research outputs found
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Nitrogen Sustains Seed Yield of Quinoa Under Intermediate Drought
No full textQuinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a promising crop for food security in dry areas. Studies have been conducted to define nitrogen (N) fertilization levels and to understand the responses of quinoa to drought, but little is known about the response of this crop to N fertilization under drought stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether N fertilization could improve quinoa yield and physiology under limited water. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with quinoa grown at four N fertilization levels (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g N pot−1) and two watering treatments (progressive drought and full irrigation; 10 and 98 % of pot water holding capacity, respectively). Results of this experiment showed that N may confer a certain degree of drought tolerance to quinoa as seed quality and yield of N-fertilized plants were not affected by drought stress. Responses such as faster stomatal closure, reduced leaf water potential, higher leaf abscisic acid (ABA) concentration and particularly an improved N remobilization in N-fertilized plants may have played a role in sustaining seed yield in the drought-stressed treatment. These results under controlled conditions serve as a basis to elucidate drought tolerance mechanisms activated with N fertilization and to define the use of N in management practices under semi-arid environments
Defoliation timing for optimal leaf nutrition in dual-use amaranth production systems
No full textBACKGROUND: Amaranth leaves can provide important nutrients to small-scale farming families growing amaranth for seed. Amaranth is known to be tolerant to defoliation, but there is little guidance on when defoliation should be performed for optimal nutritional benefits. This series of experiments assessed tolerance to defoliation at different points throughout the vegetative stage of development, in addition to the nutritional benefits and flavor of amaranth leaves at each stage. RESULTS: Overall, timing of defoliation had no impact on seed yield or quality. Fifty percent defoliation at any point did not significantly reduce seed yield, whereas 100% defoliation throughout development reduced seed yield. The nutritional value of amaranth leaves differed substantially throughout development, with the highest concentrations of iron mid-way through vegetative development, and the highest levels of vitamin A, magnesium, and copper at the end of the vegetative development stage. Palatability was highest in young leaves, and decreased as plants aged. We also found that neither timing nor intensity of defoliation had an influence on branching, which can negatively influence ease of harvest. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that amaranth leaves are a nutritious food source that provides vital nutrients at different concentrations throughout development. Farmers who wish to harvest both leaves and seeds can harvest up to 50% of the leaves at any point during vegetative development or bud formation while maintaining seed yield. Leaf harvest timing can thus be tailored to nutritional needs, although palatability decreases with plant age. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Cisgenesis: an important sub-invention for traditional plant breeding companies
No full textModern plant breeding is highly dependent on new technologies to master future problems. More traits have to be combined, frequently originating from wild species. Traditional breeding is connected with linkage drag problems. The crop plant itself and its crossable species represent the traditional breeders gene pool. GM-breeding is a new way of improving existing varieties. Transgenes originate from non-crossable species and are representing a new gene pool. For release of GM-plants into the environment and onto the market in Europe Directive 2001/18/EC has been developed, primarily based on GM-technology and not on gene source. In society, opposition against GM crops is complicating the implementation of GM crops. In this paper, it is shown that not only transgenes, representing a new gene pool but also cisgenes and intragenes are available, representing the breeders gene pool. Cisgenes are natural genes and intragenes are composed of functional parts of natural genes from the crop plant itself or from crossable species. Cisgenesis is the combined use of only cisgenes with marker-free transformation, mimicking linkage drag free introgression breeding in one step. Therefore, cisgenesis is a new sub-invention in the traditional breeding field and indicates the need for reconsideration of GM Directives. Inventions are frequently containing not only hardware elements, but also software and orgware elements. For cisgenesis it is foreseen that the technical (hardware) and bioinformatic (software) elements will develop smoothly, but that implementation in society is highly dependent on acceptance and regulations (orgware). It could be made in a step by step approach by specific crop-gene derogations from the Directive, followed by adding cisgenesis to annex 1b of Directive 2001/18/EC for exemption. At present GM crops can only be introduced by large companies. An open innovation approach for cisgenesis by public private partnership including traditional SMEs has been discussed. Cisgenesis has been exemplified for resistance breeding of potato to Phytophthtora infestans
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Afroedura leoloensis Jacobsen, Kuhn, Jackman & Bauer, 2014, sp. nov.
No full textAfroedura leoloensis sp. nov. (Fig. 10 B) Afroedura pondolia langi (part) Visser 1984 a (fig. p. 61) Afroedura langi 'Leolo' Jacobsen 1992 a, 1997 Holotype. TM 81113, adult male, Farm Hendriksplaats 281 KT, 24 ° 38 ' S, 30 °08' E, Lydenburg District, (2430 CA) Mpumalanga Province, Republic of South Africa, collectors R. E. Newbery and W. Petersen, 15 November 1985. Paratypes. TM 81115, TM 81125, 81127, same data as for holotype; TM 81119, 81124, Farm Maandagshoek 254 KT, Sekhukhuneland District, Limpopo Province (2430 CA) collector N. H. G. Jacobsen, 25 October 1980; TM 81112, 81116– 81118, same locality as TM 81119, collector R.E.Newbery, 29 June 1982; TM 81126, Farm Kalkfontein 367 KT, Lydenburg District, Mpumalanga Provicne (2430 CC), collector N. H. G. Jacobsen, 23 April 1981; TM 81114, 81121, 81123, 81128, same locality as TM 81126, collectors R. E. Newbery and W. Petersen, 16 November 1985; TM 81122, Kgoloko lokasie, Sekhukhuneland District, Limpopo Province (2429 DB), collector R. E. Newbery, 27 October 1980; TM 81120, Farm De Grooteboom 373 KT, Lydenburg District, Mpumalanga Province (2430 CC), collector N. H. G. Jacobsen, 23 October 1981. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Leolo hills in Sekhukhuneland, Limpopo Province, where it was first discovered. Diagnosis. A small Afroedura (maximum SVL 40.5 mm) differing from all other congeners by the following combination of characters: two pairs of enlarged subdigital lamellae per digit; tail faintly verticillate and flattened near base, with four subcaudal rows and 6–7 supracaudal rows per verticil; dorsal scales smooth, 87–95 scale rows at midbody; internasal scales typically absent; 31–35 precloacal pores in males. Description. (based on holotype TM 81113) Adult male; 37.0 mm SVL; 45.0 mm TailL; mass before preservation 0.9 g. Body small and slender, dorsoventrally depressed; head oval, wider than the neck. Rostral approximately 2.5 times wider than high; nostril pierced between rostral, first upper labial and three nasal scales; nasorostrals in moderate contact behind rostral. Scales on snout hexagonal, flattened and much larger than scales on crown of head; nine scales between nasals and eye and 16 scales between eye and ear. Four supraciliary spines. Supralabials 10. Mental wedge-shaped, much longer than wide and in contact with two postmentals. Infralabials eight. Dorsal scales minute, more-or-less homogeneous, smooth, juxtaposed to subimbricate, rounded to slightly hexagonal. Midbody scales 89. Ventrals large, smooth and imbricate. Digits with two pairs of enlarged scansors and six enlarged inferomedian scales under the fourth toe. Precloacal pores in a continuous, almost straight row of 34. Tail broad and flattened near the base, tapering to a fine tip, faintly verticillate; caudal scales arranged in six dorsal and four ventral rows per verticil. Supracaudals subimbricate, almost rectangular; subcaudals as broad as long and imbricate. Two postcloacal spurs on either side of tail base. Color. Pale brown to brown dorsally with 7–8 dark brown irregular crossbands extending from the occiput to sacrum. Crossbands with darker posterior margins and, in most specimens, a white vertebral spot just posterior to each crossband. Limbs longitudinally striped or banded. The paler areas between the stripes are spotted dark brown. Crown of head pale brown with darker spotting and other variegations. Tail with 10 blackish crossbands from base to tip. Venter pinkish; tail brownish with darker markings. Variation. Paratypes and other specimens agree with the holotype in most features of scalation (Table 4). Nasorostrals in broad contact behind rostral but separated posteriorly by a single granule in TM 81120. Scales between nasals and eye 9–12, from eye to ear 16–18. Five supraciliary spines in TM 81115. Mental as long as broad in some specimens; postmentals three in TM 811141. Supralabials 8–10. Infralabials 6–10. Midbody scale rows 87–95. 0–8 enlarged inferomedian scales under fourth toe. Precloacal pores in male paratypes 31–35 (except for TM 81126, which has only 11), females lacking pores. Original tails 50.00– 55.9 % of total length. Supracaudal scales in 6 or 7 rows per tail whorl. Tail has been autotomized in 54.5 % of the specimens examined (n= 17). Distribution. Endemic to the Leolo Hills and outcrops above the Steelpoort River on either side of the border between Mpumalanga and Limpopo Provinces (Fig. 6). Natural history. Exclusively rupicolous, apparently limited to norite and granitic formations. Afroedura leoloensis sp. nov. lives in narrow crevices under exfoliating rock. These are usually on the underside of boulders with the openings facing downwards, protecting them from rain. The species is found in Sekhukhune Mountain Bushveld (SVcb 28) and Leolo Summit Sourveld (GM 20) (Mucina & Rutherford 2006) at an elevation of 1200–1800 m a.s.l. Two eggs are laid at a time and measure 8.9 –9.0 x 6.1–6.4 mm with a mass of 0.2 g. The eggs appear to be laid in midsummer and are initially soft-shelled, adhering to the rock and then hardening. Remarks. Afroedura leoloensis sp. nov. is a member of the A. langi clade (Figs. 1–2; see Remarks under A. granitica sp. nov.). This species exhibits the highest number of precloacal pores (31–35) not only in its clade, but in the genus as a whole, and may thus be distinguished from its congeners.Published as part of Jacobsen, Niels H. G., Kuhn, Arianna L., Jackman, Todd R. & Bauer, Aaron M., 2014, A phylogenetic analysis of the southern African gecko genus Afroedura Loveridge (Squamata: Gekkonidae), with the description of nine new species from Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3846 (4) on pages 486-487, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25049
Experimental investigation into the effect of substrate clamping on the piezoelectric behaviour of thick-film PZT elements
No full textThis paper details an experimental investigation of the clamping effect associated with thick-film piezoelectric elements printed on a substrate. The clamping effect reduces the measured piezoelectric coefficient, d33, of the film. This reduction is due to the influence of the d31 component in the film when a deformation of the structure occurs, by either the direct or indirect piezoelectric effect. Theoretical analysis shows a reduction in the measured d33 of 62%, i.e. a standard bulk lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-5H sample with a manufacturer specified d33 of 593pC/N would fall to 227.8pC/N. To confirm this effect, the d33 coefficients of five thin bulk PZT-5H samples of 220µm thickness were measured before and after their attachment to a metallized 96% alumina substrate. The experimental results show a reduction in d33 of 74% from 529pC/N to 139pC/N. The theoretical analysis was then applied to existing University of Southampton thick-film devices. It is estimated that the measured d33 value of 131pC/N of the thick-film devices is the equivalent of an unconstrained d33 of 345pC/N
57. The Oxyrhynchus Papyri, vol. XLIX. Edited with translations and notes by A. Bulow-Jacobsen, J. E. G. Whitehorne, with contributions of R. Hübner, J. C. Shelton, S. A. Stephens, J. Bingen, D. Foraboschi, S. S. Foulk, P. J. Parsons, J. R. Rea, R. D. Sullivan and members of the Istituto Papirologico G. Vitelli, Florence (Graeco-Roman Memoirs, n° 69)
No full textIrigoin Jean. 57. The Oxyrhynchus Papyri, vol. XLIX. Edited with translations and notes by A. Bulow-Jacobsen, J. E. G. Whitehorne, with contributions of R. Hübner, J. C. Shelton, S. A. Stephens, J. Bingen, D. Foraboschi, S. S. Foulk, P. J. Parsons, J. R. Rea, R. D. Sullivan and members of the Istituto Papirologico G. Vitelli, Florence (Graeco-Roman Memoirs, n° 69). In: Revue des Études Grecques, tome 96, fascicule 455-459, Janvier-décembre 1983. pp. 346-347
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