1,721,549 research outputs found
An emergency banana disease in East Africa
No full textThe Crop Crisis Control Project (C3P) worked in six East African countries (Uganda, Burundi, DR Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania) to stem the advance of BXW, a bacterial disease of banana that emerged after 2001. Bananas and plantains were (and still are) important commercial and food security crops in the region. All local banana and plantain varieties were susceptible to BXW. The project implementers and donors thought of the disease as an emergency. In response, the project proposed what seemed like an appropriate technology to clean planting material: macropropagation (to distinguish it from its rival, TC, which is micropropagation). To macropropagate a banana plant, the farmer takes a healthy banana corm, strips away the outer leaf sheaths, destroys the primary sprout, and then plants the corm in sterile, humid sawdust in a shaded nursery, after which axillary buds will sprout. Many farmers were taught the importance of using clean planting material, but macropropagation was too time-consuming and labor-intensive to meet all of the farmer demand for seed bananas. After the project ended, researchers (who were paying attention to farmers) learned of easier ways to manage BXW. Farmers observed that a wilting banana plant still produced at least some healthy suckers, which could be used as planting material. Suckers that looked healthy probably were healthy, and could be planted, eliminating the need for tedious macropropagation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Bananas and plantains in Ghana:TARGET
No full textPlantain has a low natural multiplication rate, making it difficult to expand production. Also, many pests and diseases inhibit optimum production. Between 2003 and 2005, Bioversity International and IITA partnered with the Crops Research Institute (CRI) of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) of Ghana and World Vision to distribute new plantain and banana cultivars for on-farm testing. Over 2,000 farmers planted small plots of four new hybrids and were trained in rapid macropropagation techniques for clean seed multiplication and other improved agronomic practices. After initial hesitation, farmers embraced the unfamiliar planting material, particularly after observing the vigor and healthy foliage of some of the hybrids. Rapid multiplication technologies were transferred as part of a technology package, including marketing, improved production, and pest management. Changes were also introduced for the postharvest handling (cooking duration) of the fruits. Rapid multiplication continues to be used in Ghana, promoted mostly by extension services and by CRI
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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