1,721,101 research outputs found
Replication data for study: 'Martyrs for free speech? Disentangling the effects of legal prosecution of anti-immigration politicians on their electoral support'
No full textData and replication code for study 'Martyrs for free speech? Disentangling the effects of legal prosecution of anti-immigration politicians on their electoral support'.
Abstract:
Several anti-immigration politicians in Europe have been prosecuted for hate speech; some of these trials were highly mediatized. To what extent, and how, does hate speech prosecution of anti-immigration politicians affect voting for their party? We address this question by an experiment (N = 372) using manipulated versions of a television news story about a politician of the Dutch party Forum for Democracy (FvD). We go beyond prior studies by disentangling the mechanisms driving the electoral ramifications of hate speech prosecution, assessing the moderating role of multiculturalist attitudes separately and in combination with six mediators (anti-establishment attitudes, issue salience immigration, perceived party’s effectiveness and legitimacy, support for free speech, and perceived party visibility). Among voters who are positive toward multiculturalism, exposure to a news story about prosecution boosts support for free speech and perceived visibility and support for the FvD. Both aspects are positively related to voting for FvD. This improves our understanding of the mechanisms of hate speech prosecution, informing public debates of how to react to controversial speech by politicians
The role of RNAs and extracellular vesicles in the radiation response
Full text linkThe bystander effect (BE) occurs when cells that have not been directly traversed by ionizing radiation exhibit DNA damage effects as though they had been. It is established that signalling molecules such as cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal to surrounding cells to mediate BE, however more recently it has been demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) might be involved. In addition, following RNase treatment, the EVs are no longer able to cause DNA damage in unirradiated recipient cells, suggesting that an RNA molecule in association with the EVs is involved with BE.
As the literature documenting differential regulation of RNA in EVs released from irradiated cells is scarce, the work described in this thesis has aimed to better understand the role of RNA in the radiation response. Firstly the miRStress database was developed and used to identify novel miRNA candidates involved in response to radiation by meta-analysis of the published literature. Characterisation of the EVs released was also performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), sucrose gradient centrifugation, sizing and the determination of EV concentration released from cells. Next-generation sequencing was performed to identify the mRNA, non-coding RNA and microRNA candidates involved. General characterisation of EVs derived from unirradiated and 2 Gy irradiated MCF7 cells was also performed to gain a better understanding of the populations of vesicles released following irradiation.
The results herein suggest that EVs from irradiated cells have specific characteristics when compared to those from unirradiated cells. An increase in the number and a decrease in the size of EVs released from 2 Gy irradiated cells were observed compared to unirradiated cell EVs. In addition to the changes in size and release of EVs from 2 Gy cells, EVs released from irradiated MCF7 cells contained specific mRNAs, non-coding RNAs and miRNAs. Furthermore the miRStress database identified microRNA candidates predicted to be involved in the radiation response. Following RNA Seq analysis a functional study of the genes ANP32B, MALAT1, NET1, HSP90AA1 and NCL was performed based upon their upregulation in 2 Gy EVs. Knockdown of some of these genes resulted in changes in the DNA damage response observed in directly irradiated and bystander cells, suggesting that the RNAs carried in irradiated cell EVs do indeed have a functional role in transmission of BE.
In summary, this study has identified diverse RNA species in EVs released from irradiated cells that appear to play functional roles in the mediation of the bystander effect. Further investigation would help to elucidate the mechanisms by which these RNAs function in recipient cells in order to better understand the BE mechanism
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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