1,720,955 research outputs found
Analysis of mDia1 in hypothalamic osmosensory neurons in a rat model of salt-sensitive hypertension
No full textHigh dietary salt (HDS) is a critical factor contributing to the development of hypertension and has been strongly correlated with cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies suggest that HDS leads to neurogenically-mediated increases in sympathetic activity, vascular resistance, and water and sodium retention, revealing a possible involvement of central sodium detection mechanisms in salt-sensitive hypertension. Changes in the plasma sodium and osmolality are detected by osmosensory neurons located in the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT), supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Under normal physiological conditions, elevations in plasma osmolality activate these neurons, triggering the release of vasopressin (VP) from hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) located in the SON and PVN. VP is the antidiuretic hormone that mediates water retention in the kidney and vasoconstriction to restore body fluid homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that chronic exposure to HDS leads to the hyperactivation of VP neurons, contributing to VP-mediated increases in blood pressure. The molecular mechanisms underlying the excessive activation of VP neurons are not fully understood. Osmosensory neurons harbor unique cytoskeleton networks comprised of a subcortical actin layer and dense somatic scaffold of microtubules. These cytoskeletal networks regulate the sensitivity of neuronal activation in response to increases in the plasma osmolality. Our preliminary data suggest that chronic exposure to HDS increases the density of actin and microtubules in osmosensory neurons. mDia1 is a major downstream effector of RhoA, mediating its effects on actin and microtubule polymerization and stability. We hypothesized that mDia1 can regulate cytoskeletal dynamics in osmosensory neurons following HDS. In support of this hypothesis, our preliminary data suggest that mDia1 levels are elevated in the OVLT and SON of rats exposed to HDS. The proposed thesis aims to study mDia1 in osmosensory neurons of the OVLT, SON, and PVN in response to acute hypertonic stimulus and following chronic exposure to HDS. Our hypothesis is that activation mDia1 in response to chronic hypertonic stimuli induces changes in the cytoskeleton density of osmosensory neurons in the OVLT, SON, and PVN, leading to hyperactivation of magnocellular VP neurons and exaggerated VP release, thereby contributing to elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Deciphering the role of mDia1 in the regulation of cytoskeleton in osmosensitive neurons and its possible contribution to the excessive VP secretion in HDS will increase our understanding of fluid balance disorders and can have a strong impact on the design of novel drugs/therapeutics to alleviate salt-sensitive hypertension.Le sodium alimentaire élevé (SAE) est un facteur critique dans l’establishment de l’hypertension et est associé fortement avec les maladies cardiovasculaires. Plusieurs études récemment publiées suggèrent que le SAE cause des élévations de l’activité du système nerveux sympathique, la résistance vasculaire et la rétention de l’eau et du sodium, tous dans une manière modérée par les neurones. Ces résultats nous indiquent le contribution potentiel des mécanismes principaux de détection hydrominéral dans l’hypertension sensible au sel (HSS). Des neurones osmosensibles dans l’organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT), le noyaux supra-optique (NSO) et le noyaux paraventriculaire (NPV) sont sensibles aux changements osmotiques et en sodium sanguin. Dans les conditions physiologiques normaux, des élévations osmotiques causent ces neurones osmosensibles de devenir actives et de secréter vasopressine (VP) de ces cellules neurosécrétrices magnocellulaires qui sont situées dans le NSO et le NPV. VP est une hormone anti-diurétique qui est responsable pour la rétention d’eau rénale et la constriction vasculaire pour modérer l’homéostasie fluidique. Plusieurs études récentes suggèrent que l’exposition au SAE à long terme cause l’hyperactivation des neurones VP qui contribue à des élévations en pression artérielle. Les mécanismes moléculaires qui détaillent cette hyperactivation des neurones VP ne sont pas complètement élucidés. Les neurones osmosensibles contiennent des réseaux cytosquelettes uniques qui sont compris d’une couche subcorticole d’actine et un échafaudage dense de microtubule dans leurs somas. Ces échafaudages cytosquelettes contrôlent la sensibilité d’activation neuronale après des élévations dans l’osmolarité plasmatique. Nos résultats préliminaires suggèrent que l’exposition au long terme du SAE causes des élévations dans la densité d’actine et de microtubules dans les neurones osmosensibles. mDia1 est un effecteur majeur qui est en aval de RhoA et qui fonction dans la polymérisation et la stabilité d’actine et des microtubules. Notre hypothèse est que mDia1 peut modérer les dynamiques du cytosquelette dans les neurones osmosensibles après le SAE. En support de notre hypothèse, nos résultats préliminaires suggèrent que les quantités de mDia1 sont élevées dans le OVLT et le NSO dans les rats exposés au SAE. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier mDia1 dans les neurones osmosensibles du OVLT, NSO et NPV après la stimulation hypertonique brève et l’exposition long-terme du SAE. Notre hypothèse est que l’activation de mDia1 après la stimulation hypertonique à long-terme cause des changements dans la densité cytosquelette des neurones osmosensibles du OVLT, NSO et NPV, et ceux-ci mènent à l’hyperactivation des neurones VP magnocellulaires et la sécrétion excessive de VP. En tout, cette hyperactivation contribue à la pression sanguine élevée et l’hypertension. Élucider le rôle de mDia1 dans la régulation du cytosquelette des neurones osmosensibles et sa contribution dans la sécrétion excessive du VP dans le SAE va améliorer notre compréhension des maladies de régulation fluidique et va aussi avoir un impact signifiant dans la création des drogues et thérapies pour améliorer l’hypertension sensible au sel
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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