171 research outputs found
Bortezomib in the management of multiple myeloma
No full textJacob P Laubach, Constantine S Mitsiades, Teru Hideshima, Robert Schlossman, Dharminder Chauhan, Nikhil Munshi, Irene Ghobrial, Nicole Carreau, Kenneth C Anderson, Paul G RichardsonDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USAAbstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by clonal expansion of plasma cells within the bone marrow, the presence of a serum and/or urine monoclonal protein, lytic bone lesions, and anemia. On a cellular level, the disease is characterized by complex interactions between tumor cells and the surrounding bone marrow microenvironment. Understanding of the relationship between malignant plasma cells and the microenvironment has sparked ongoing efforts to develop targeted therapeutic agents for treatment of this disease. The successful development of the first-in-class small-molecule proteasome inhibitor bortezomib occurred as a result of these efforts. This review focuses on the rationale for bortezomib therapy in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed MM, important treatment-related side effects, and future directions for use of bortezomib and other, emerging proteasome inhibitors.Keywords: multiple myeloma, bortezomib, stem cell transplantation, peripheral neuropath
Phoebus 5: A Journal of Art History
No full texttableOfContents: Editor's note
Preface. p. 9
Hiram Power's Bust of George Washington, The President as an Icon by Vivien Green Fryd p. 18
A Sky After El Greco, An Early Homage by Demuth by Marie Timberlake p. 29
Ben Shahn's Mine Building, A Symbol of Disaster by Carolyn Robbins p. 45
Georgia O'Keefe's Horse's Skull on Blue, A Dedicatory Essay by Barbara Spies p. 61
Eastman Johnson's Cranberry Pickers by Joseph Lamb p, 67
Dull Knife's Definance by Maria Leone p. 75
A Designer of Dreams, Arthur B. Davies Dawn, Mother of Light by Anne Gully. p.81
Death and Mystical Liberation in John B. Flannagan's Beginning by Timothy Norris p. 89
Architecture that Speaks Edward Hopper's Cottage, Cape Cod by William Laubach p.93
Behind the Mask, Walt Kuhn's Young Clown by Richard Raymond p. 97
George Elbert Burr, A Sometimes Master by Thomas van der Meulen p. 102
Parade In Review, an Interview with Philip C. Curtis by Dawane Walczak p. 109
Notes p. 12
New developments in the management of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma – the role of ixazomib
No full textPaul G Richardson,1 Shaji Kumar,2 Jacob P Laubach,1 Claudia Paba-Prada,1 Neeraj Gupta,3 Deborah Berg,3 Helgi van de Velde,3 Philippe Moreau4 1Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; 2Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 3Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Cambridge, MA, USA; 4Hematology Department, University Hospital Hotel-Dieu, Nantes, France Abstract: Ixazomib is the first oral proteasome inhibitor to be approved, in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior therapy. Approval was on the basis of results from the phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled TOURMALINE-MM1 study, which demonstrated a 35% improvement in progression-free survival with the all-oral combination of ixazomib plus lenalidomide–dexamethasone versus lenalidomide–dexamethasone alone (median: 20.6 vs 14.7 months; hazard ratio: 0.74, p=0.012; median follow-up 14.7 months). The addition of ixazomib to the lenalidomide–dexamethasone regimen was associated with limited additional toxicity and had no adverse impact on patient-reported quality of life. Common grade ≥3 adverse events with ixazomib include gastrointestinal adverse events, rash, and thrombocytopenia. Here, we review the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and patient-reported quality of life data seen with ixazomib, and discuss the role of this oral agent in the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, including in patients with high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities and those with multiple prior therapies. Keywords: ixazomib, multiple myeloma, proteasome inhibitor, clinical, efficacy, tolerability, pharmacokinetics 
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Addition of elotuzumab to lenalidomide and dexamethasone for patients with newly diagnosed, transplantation ineligible multiple myeloma (ELOQUENT-1): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial.
No full textBACKGROUND
Elotuzumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone has shown improved progression-free and overall survival versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. We aimed to assess these regimens in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who are ineligible for haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT).
METHODS
ELOQUENT-1 is an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial conducted at 185 hospitals, oncology practices, and research centres in 19 countries. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older with newly diagnosed, untreated, symptomatic myeloma and not candidates for high-dose therapy plus HSCT, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 2 or lower. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive elotuzumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone or lenalidomide and dexamethasone using an interactive voice response system, stratified by the International Staging System (ISS; stage I-II vs III), age (<75 years vs ≥75 years), and ECOG performance status (0 vs 1-2). Patients in the elotuzumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone group received elotuzumab administered intravenously at 10 mg/kg on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 during cycles 1 and 2, days 1 and 15 during cycles 3-18, and then at 20 mg/kg on day 1 for subsequent cycles. In both treatment groups, patients received 25 mg lenalidomide orally on days 1-21 of each cycle and 40 mg dexamethasone on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of each cycle. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival, as per the primary definition from European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation criteria in all randomly assigned patients (intention-to-treat population). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01335399 (completed).
FINDINGS
Between Aug 4, 2011, and June 19, 2014, 748 patients were randomly assigned (374 in each treatment group) and 742 patients received treatment (333 (90%) of 371 in the elotuzumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone group vs 339 (91%) of 371 in the lenalidomide and dexamethasone group discontinued treatment). The median age of patients was 73·0 years (IQR 69·0-78·0), 294 (39%) patients were 75 years or older. Most patients were White (711 [95%]) and male (412 [55%]). At a minimum follow-up of 65·3 months, the median progression-free survival was not significantly different between the groups: 31·4 months (95% CI 26·2-36·8) in the elotuzumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone group versus 29·5 months (23·5-34·3) in the lenalidomide and dexamethasone group (HR 0·93, 95·71% CI 0·77-1·12; stratified log-rank p=0·44). The median follow-up was 70·6 months (IQR 35·1-79·2). The most common grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse event was neutropenia (64 [17%] of 371 vs 79 [21%] of 371). Study drug toxicity was the reported cause of death in five (1%) versus four (1%) patients.
INTERPRETATION
Elotuzumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone did not significantly improve progression-free survival versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who are ineligible for HSCT. Although these data contribute to the treatment landscape, further research is needed to find ways to improve treatments in the front-line setting.
FUNDING
Bristol Myers Squibb
Association between response kinetics and outcomes in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: analysis from TOURMALINE-MM1
No full textN
Bortezomib-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Multiple Myeloma: Principles of Identification and Management
No full textLiquidity and growth traps: a framework for the analysis of macroeconomic policy in the 'age' of Central Banks
No full textConventional explanations of how a growing potential output generates an equi-proportional increase in aggregate demand in the long run usually rely on the real balance effect. Yet this mechanism has a negligible size and an uncertain sign. We present a theoretical framework for the analysis of the power of conventional monetary policy to take the economy down its potential output path. We develop a simple model that predicts the behavior of the ‘neutral’ interest rate and the ‘pseudo-warranted’ interest rate in the wake of different types of shocks. We identify several different scenarios according to whether the behavior of the ‘neutral’ real interest rate enhances or weakens the power of conventional monetary policy. Likewise, we identify several regimes depending on whether a rise in the target rate of inflation in steady growth yields faster or slower output growth when the ‘natural’ rate is not (fully) exogenous. In addition, we provide a formal definition of the concept of the ‘growth trap’ which complements the notion of the ‘liquidity trap’. Finally, we propose a taxonomy of monetary policy regimes.Bancos centrales. Política macroeconómica. Neutral and warranted real interest rate. Liquidity trap. Growth trap. Inflation. Monetary policy.
Daratumumab-based regimens are highly effective and well tolerated in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma regardless of patient age: subgroup analysis of the phase 3 CASTOR and POLLUX studies
No full textThe phase 3 POLLUX and CASTOR studies demonstrated superior benefit of daratumumab plus lenalidomide/dexamethasone or bortezomib/dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Efficacy and safety of daratumumab was analyzed according to age groups of 65 to 74 years and ≥75 years. Patients received ≥1 prior line of therapy. In POLLUX, patients received lenalidomide/dexamethasone ± daratumumab (16 mg/kg weekly, cycles 1-2; every two weeks, cycles 3-6; monthly until progression). In CASTOR, patients received eight cycles of bortezomib/dexamethasone ± daratumumab (16 mg/kg weekly, cycles 1-3; every three weeks, cycles 4-8; monthly until progression). Patients aged >75 years received dexamethasone 20 mg weekly. For patients aged ≥75 years in POLLUX (median follow-up: 25.4 months), daratumumab/lenalido-mide/dexamethasone prolonged progression-free survival versus lenalido-mide/dexamethasone (median: 28.9 versus 11.4 months; hazard ratio, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.10-0.69; P=0.0042) and increased overall response rate (93.1% versus 76.5%; P=0.0740). Neutropenia was the most common grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse event (daratumumab: 44.8%; control: 31.4%). Infusion-related reactions occurred in 12 (41.4%) patients. For patients aged ≥75 years in CASTOR (median follow-up: 19.4 months), daratumumab/bortezomib/dexamethasone prolonged progression-free survival versus bortezomib/dexamethasone (median: 17.9 versus 8.1 months; hazard ratio, 0.26; 95% confidence interval, 0.10-0.65; P=0.0022) and increased overall response rate (95.0% versus 78.8%; P=0.1134). Thrombocytopenia was the most common grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse event (daratumumab: 45.0%; control: 37.1%). Infusion-related reactions occurred in 13 (65.0%) patients. Similar findings were reported for patients aged 65 to 74 years in both studies. Taken together, this subgroup analysis of efficacy and safety of daratumumab was largely consistent with the overall populations
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