61 research outputs found
Stresas ir susidoroti tarp tarptautinių medicinos studentams Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetas (LSMU)
No full textAuthor: Mohammed Munir Mohammed Title: Stress and coping among international medical students at Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LUHS) Aim: To explore the nature of stress, coping and gender differences among international medical students at Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LUHS). Objectives: 1. To measure stress severity among international medical students of LUHS. 2. To asses the cause of stress and factors affecting it among the international medical students of LUHS. 3. To measure coping of stress among the international medical students of LUHS. 4. To investigate the gender differences in stress severity, sources and factors, and coping of stress. 5. To provide the university with the results and conclusion of the research work. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 international students of LUHS from all years of study of medical faculty. Stressed was assessed by using global rating of stress. Sources of stress is assessed by using MSSQ. Coping strategies are assessed by using Brief COPE. Study participants: International medical students of LUHS. Results: A total of 120 students, male was 54,2%. Perceived stress was 54,2%. Most stressful year was 3rd year (65%), followed by 5th year (60%). 52,3% male and 56,4% female reported suffering from stress. Test/examination, heavy workload, need to do well, teach – lack of teaching skills, and large amount of content to be learnt were the top stressors. Planning, active coping, acceptance, positive reframing, and self-distraction are most common used coping strategies. No statistically significant difference was among genders in perceived stress. There was a significant difference between the genders among 8 stressors and 6 coping strategies. Conclusions: More than half of the international students in LUHS suffered from academic stressed. Focus should be on reducing the sources of stress. A stress management program should be added to the medical program. Also a need to bring about academic changes in the teaching quality
General Practitioners‘ Attitudes Towards Depression, Their Ability to Diagnoze and Treat it
No full textAuthor: Kasparas Sinkevičius Title: General practitioners’ attitudes towards depression, their ability to diagnose and treat it Aim: To evaluate how various factors are linked to general practitioners’ attitudes and their ability to diagnose and treat depression. Tasks: 1) to evaluate general practitioners’ attitudes towards depression; 2) to assess general practitioners’ knowledge about treating depression; 3) to determine how general practitioners’ sociodemographic and professional practice factors are linked to their attitude towards depression; 4) to identify how general practitioners’ sociodemographic and professional practice factors are linked to their knowledge of treating depression. Methodology: the data was collected from questionnaires which were given to general practitioners during various conferences or they were published on websites for general practitioners. Two questionnaires were used for the research: 1) the revised Depression Attitude Questionnaire (R-DAQ) which was published in 2015 by M. Haddad et al.; 2 a questionnaire involving the main information about the demographics of general practitioners, work practice and knowledge about diagnosing and treating depression. To evaluate the factors between the groups Spearman correlation coefficient (r), Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square (χ2) criteria were used. Results: average scores assessed from R-DAQ factors (m±SN): 1st 2,89±0,66; 2nd 3,40±0,51; 3rd 4,06±0,62. 70,8 percent of general practitioners start treating depression with sertraline prescribing a 50 mg dose; during the last 5 years 46,0 percent of general practitioners attended continual medical education (CME) courses about treating depression. Statistically significant correlation coefficients were obtained among: 1st factor and the duration of one patient’s appointment (r=0,412) as well as the duration of attended CME courses about diagnosing and/or treating depression (r=0,305); 3rd factor and the time spent working as a general practitioner (r=-0,343) as well as the number of appointments with patients with depression (r=0,450). Conclusions: 1) it was assessed that general practitioners do not feel confident enough to treat patients with depression; there are many faulty assumptions about this mental disorder; prevailing positive opinion about the spread of depression, its diagnoses and treatment; 2) it was determined that when starting a depression treatment with sertraline, 70,8% of general practitioners prescribe the initial dose which complies with the recommendations; 3) a correlation was determined between the longer duration of a patient’s appointment, a higher number of visits from patients diagnosed with depression, fewer years of work, longer duration of attended continual medical education courses and the right attitude towards depression; 4) it was not determined that sociodemographic or professional practice factors have any influence towards assigning an initial treatment complying with recommendations
Mažesnio negu bangos ilgis periodo optinės gardelės.
No full textUltracold atom gases, cooled to a few microkelvin or nanokelvin temperatures, can be placed into an optical lattice, a periodic potential created by interfering a number of laser beams. These systems have attracted immense interest because they can be controlled much more accurately than solid-state systems. Thus, physicists can realize and study paradigmatic models, e.g., Rice-Mele, Hubbard, Harper-Hofstadter, that would otherwise be unreachable and unsolvable by other means (solid-state experiments, analytics, numerics). Traditional optical lattices for neutral cold atoms are created using the optical Stark effect. This, however, limits the lattice period of our otherwise widely tunable system to be larger than half of the laser light wavelength \lambda/2 [#Weitz2006PRA, #Weitz2009PRA]. Such a limitation is often referred to as the diffraction limit. To overcome this limit, several methods have recently been proposed to create optical lattices with smaller periods [#Lundblad2008, #MoanPRA2014, #Wang2018, #Anderson2020, #Zhou2022PRXQ, #Tsui2020]. These methods can be theoretically understood by examining dressed states, which are created by coupling atomic internal states with optical fields [#Dum1996, #Juzeliunas2006, #Campbell2011, #Jendrzejewski2016, #Lacki2016, # Gvozdiovas2021, #Li2022]. The present work will focus on a one-dimensional subwavelength lattice for ultracold atoms recently realized experimentally by cyclic Raman coupling of atomic hyperfine ground states [#Anderson2020, # Zhou2022PRXQ]. To the best of our knowledge, no extensive theoretical study of this particular scheme has been done prior to our study presented in an article published in Physical Review A earlier this year [#Burba2023PRA]. The author of the diploma work is the principle author of this work. The aim of this work is to theoretically investigate the creation of subwavelength optical lattices, their possible control schemes and applications in realizing interesting condensed matter models
The interfaces between nicotine dependence and sociodemographic factors in patients with psychotic disorders
No full textThe aim of the research: to find out the interfaces between nicotine dependence and sociodemographic factors in patients with psychotic disorders. The tasks of the research: 1. To establish the distribution of patients, hospitalized for psychotic spectrum disorders according to sociodemographic factors. 2. To identify the interfaces between nicotine addiction and sociodemographic factors in patients with psychotic disorders. 3. To compare the quality of life of smokers and non-smokers patients with psychotic disorders. Methods of the research: The main method was a random selection of patients and standardized questionnaire. The survey consisted of sociodemographic questionnaire developed by the author, anamnesis and questionnaires adapted for clinical use and scientific activities. To assess nicotine dependence The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence was used and to asses the quality of life – the WHOQOL-BREF, an abbreviated version of the WHOQOL-100 questionnaire. Participants: 150 randomly selected patients with psychotic disorders who were hospitalized in Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics Psychiatry clinic in seven months. Results: It was found that subjects, hospitalized for psychotic spectrum disorders, by gender and age were distributed similarly. The majority of subjects has secondary or higher education. 50 percent respondents are single, 29.3 percent - married. 50.7 percent subjects are unemployed. Approximately one out of two patients experiencing psychotic spectrum disorders, are addicted to nicotine. Smoking patients who have at least secondary education, has mild dependence on nicotine, while patients with lower than secondary education - often moderate dependence. More than a half of the single respondents have mild dependence on nicotine, while more than a half of the couple living - moderate or severe dependence on nicotine. All studying subjects have mild dependence and the unemployed, who have established disability or partial disability to work - moderate or severe dependence on nicotine. Men who smoke 12 or more years have moderate or severe dependence on nicotine. More educated patients assess their quality of life better. The non-smoker subjects evaluate their social relations better than the smokers. Single smokers evaluate their physical health better than the non-smokers, and the couple living - vice versa. Unemployed smokers evaluate their social relations and the environment worse than non-smokers, while working full-time smokers - better than non-smokers. The non-smoking subjects with increasing age are improving their psychological aspect of life assessment. Smokers with increasing age have a deterioration of their physical health evaluation. Conclusions: 1. It was found that subjects, hospitalized for psychotic spectrum disorders, by gender and age were distributed similarly. The majority of subjects has secondary or higher education. Half of the respondents are single, the other half - married, living with significant other, divorced or widowed. Half of the subjects are unemployed, while the remaining – studying, working full or part-time, have an established disability or partial disability to work or receive a pension. 2. The socio-demographic factors such as education, marital status and work activities affect nicotine dependence severity among patients with psychotic spectrum mental disorders. 3. The quality of life of smoking and non-smoking patients in different aspects (physical health, psychological, social relations and the environment) is various, according to different sociodemographic factors. Practical recommendations: We recommend doctors in clinical practice to take into account the fact whether the patient with psychotic spectrum disorders smokes, and to assess the sociodemographic data because these factors can affect the patient’s quality of life
Knyga apie prieštaringą vyskupo Ignoto Jokūbo Masalskio gyvenimą ir tragišką mirtį : recenzija
No full textRecenzijoje aptariama Eligijaus Railos monografija „Ignotus Ignotas. Vilniaus vyskupas Ignotas Jokūbas Masalskis“(2010). 1995 m. apgintos disertacijos pagrindu parašyta knyga kelia nemažą susidomėjimą. Knyga sudaryta iš pratarmės, trijų skyrių („I. J. Masalskio politinė veikla: tarp tradicijos ir reformų“, „I. J. Masalskio kultūrinė veikla: edukacinės apšvietos likimas“, „I. J. Masalskio ūkinė veikla: fiziokratizmo konfigūracija Lietuvoje“), literatūros bei šaltinių sąrašo, asmenvardžių ir vietovardžių rodyklių. Dėstomosios dalies struktūra yra logiška, nors chronologiškai kai kas ir kartojasi, bet tokiu principu sukurtas išsamus temos vaizdas. Autorius surado nemažai faktų iš I. J. Masalskio gyvenimo, kartu pateikė platų tos epochos politinio, kultūrinio ir socialinio gyvenimo vaizdą. Recenzijos autorius knygą vertina prieštaringai. Šioje knygoje daug pirmą kartą mūsų istoriografijoje minimų faktų, ji įdomi, patraukli ir tikrai ras savo skaitytoją. Vis dėlto praėjus pusantro dešimtmečio nuo disertacijos pasirodymo, jos tekstas tik iš dalies pasipildė naujais vertinimais bei faktologinėmis žiniomis. Recenzijoje atkreipiamas dėmesys į nepanaudotus žinomų autorių šaltinius, kai kuriuos diskutuotinus teiginius ir nesuvienodintą pavardžių rašybą ir pan. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Ignotas Jokūbas Masalskis; Lietuvos istorija XVIII a.; Istorinė biografija; Apšvietos epocha; Ignotas Jokūbas Masalskis; History of Lithuania in XVIII c.; Historical biography; Age of EnlightenmentThe review is about Eligijus Raila' monograph “Ignotus Ignotas. Vilniaus vyskupas Ignotas Jokūbas Masalskis” (2010). A book was written on the basis of the 1995 thesis and raises quite a big interest. It consists of a preface, three chapters (“I. J. Masalskio politinė veikla: tarp tradicijos ir reformų”, “I. J. Masalskio kultūrinė veikla: edukacinės apšvietos likimas” and “I. J. Masalskio ūkinė veikla: fiziokratizmo konfigūracija Lietuvoje”), a list of literature and sources, and indexes of personal names and place names. A structure of the main part is logical, although same things are chronologically repeated. However, in this way the topic seems to be comprehensive. The author found quite many facts from the life of I. J. Masalskis and presented a wide view of political, cultural and social life of the epoch. According to the author of the review, the book is controversial. The book contains many facts which are mentioned for the first time in our historiography, it is interesting, attractive and, definitely, will find its reader. However, after one and a half century from the appearance of the thesis, its text was only partially supplemented with new assessments and facts. The review pays attention to unused sources of known authors, some negotiable statements, uneven orthography of surnames and etc
‘Illegal’ but ‘victims’: an intersectional study of the effects of discourse and regulation on the marginalisation of undocumented migrant sex workers in the Netherlands
No full textThis research analyses the marginalisation of undocumented migrant sex workers in The Netherlands and investigates, from an intersectional and multidisciplinary perspective, how multiple layers of discrimination emerge from discourse and regulations. The "othering" of undocumented migrant sex workers is first examined from a sociological perspective, which provides information on how dominant beliefs and narratives facilitate the group’s marginalisation, by reviewing the existing literature on sex work stigma, nationalism and white supremacy in relation to human trafficking narratives, and how they provide a valuable frame to understand recent Dutch political and cultural initiatives. Here, the author proposes the concept of "cultural supremacy" as a possible frame to understand discrimination against foreigners in the Dutch context. Secondly, a legal history of sex work regulation from the lift of the ban on brothels is drawn, with a focus on the implications of such national legal initiatives for undocumented migrant sex workers. A specific analysis is dedicated to the current law proposal on sex work, the WRS (Wet Regulering Sekswerk). Finally, the results of qualitative research conducted with local activists, refugee and asylum seeker sex workers are discussed in light of the participants’ perspectives and experiences, examining the presence of patterns of marginalisation that contribute to the emergence of specific identities, but also agency and the proposals of projects to empower individuals and change dominant discourses
Statistical estimation of full-sky radio maps from 21 cm array visibility data using gaussian constrained realizations
No full textAn important application of next-generation wide-field radio interferometers is making high dynamic range maps of radio emission. Traditional deconvolution methods like CLEAN can give poor recovery of diffuse structure, prompting the development of wide-field alternatives like Direct Optimal Mapping and m-mode analysis. In this paper, we propose an alternative Bayesian method to infer the coefficients of a full-sky spherical harmonic basis for a drift-scan telescope with potentially thousands of baselines that can precisely encode the uncertainties and correlations between the parameters used to build the recovered image. We use Gaussian constrained realizations (GCR) to efficiently draw samples of the spherical harmonic coefficients, despite the very large parameter space and extensive sky-regions of missing data. Each GCR solution provides a complete, statistically consistent gap-free realization of a full-sky map conditioned on the available data, even when the interferometer’s field of view is small. Many realizations can be generated and used for further analysis and robust propagation of statistical uncertainties. In this paper, we present the mathematical formalism of the spherical harmonic GCR method for radio interferometers. We focus on the recovery of diffuse emission as a use case, along with validation of the method against simulations with a known diffuse emission component
PORTRAIT GRAFFITI IN MARGINS OF ANTIQUE LITHUANIAN BOOKS
No full textThis article presents and discusses fourteen drawings that portray a human and were found in manuscripts and printed books (documents) that were actively used in Lithuania from 17th to 19th centuries. All the drawings were made in the margins of the documents. For the authors the drawings were not planned work but more like quips, scribbles and doodles. Therefore the terms portrait graffiti and (as a synonym) portrait marginalia are used to describe the discussed portraits. According to the formal classification of marginal drawings (suggested by J. Liskeviciene) two of the examined marginal portraits (no. 10 and 14) are classed as seperate and finished works with their own composition; ten marginal portraits (no. 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 and 13) represent the readers (document users) sketch like drawings. Two other portraits (no. 1 and 3) are just scribbles that have nothing to do with artictic perception and are very close to book graffiti. From the artistic approcah the most sophisticated of the marginal portraits are “the hunt scene” (no. 14) and the late (first half of the 19th century) “portrait of the teacher” (no. 13). In the viewpoint of documentary and social communication the discussed marginal drawings did not have a direct addressee. They were made not for public but for personal use. Paleographical, structural and content analysis of the document showed that the author of the “bearded nobleman” portrait (no. 2) could have been the elder of Merkine Antanas Kazimieras Sapiega. The political realia of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (from now GDL) are reflected by the heart shaped portrait of a youngster who we can guess is portrayed weeping over the countries misfortunes and internal disagreements duringthe period of foreight military interventions in the years from 1733 to 1736. It was forbiden for scribes to daub on court files and other official GDL documents therefore the discussed graffiti could be linked to psychological stress and discharge. The marginal portraits in personal books are more artistical and their composition is more relaxed. Overall the GDL marginal portraits reveal quite a few similarities to the graffiti (in italian scarabocchi) left in the documents by the workers of Naples bank archive. They were properly examined and classified by the artist and archivist Giuseppe Zevola. According to him this documental graffiti was born out of opposition to the grey everyday routine and experience of “pleasure of anxiety”
Statistical estimation of full-sky radio maps from 21 cm array visibility data using Gaussian constrained realizations
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