1,720,957 research outputs found
Valores normativos para o eletrorretinograma de campo total
Get PDFMany visual electrophysiology laboratories don’t have their own normal values for full-field electroretinogram. This impairs the reliability of the diagnosis of various diseases affecting the visual pathways. Thus, the purpose of this study was to establish normative values for the full-field electroretinogram to the Laboratory of Tropical Neurology (LNT) of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA). Were tested using the electroretinogram 68 healthy subjects without visual complaints, divided into three groups according to age group: 36 subjects belonged to group 1 (17 to 30 years), 21 subjects in group 2 (31 to 45 years) and 11 individuals in group 3 (46 to 60 years). Six types of stimulus that follow ISCEV standards were presented. Four dark-adapted: 0.01 cd.s/m2 (rod response), 3.0 cd.s/m2 (mixed response and oscillatory potentials) and 10.0 cd.s/m2 (mixed additional response). Two light-adapted, 3.0 cd.s/m2 (Cone response and Flicker 30Hz), with 30 cd/m2 background adaptation. For analysis, a-wave and b-wave amplitude and implicit times values were calculated. These values were statistically described using the following values: median, confidence interval, 1st and 3rd quartiles, coefficient of variation, mean, standard deviation and minimum and maximum values. The older age groups had lower amplitude and delayed implicit time. Wavelet transform allowed better visualization of waves without change of amplitude and implicit time. Therefore, the normative values obtained can serve as reliable parameters of normality to assist the diagnosis of retinal diseases.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorFINEP - Financiadora de Estudos e ProjetosCNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoMuitos laboratórios de eletrofisiologia visual não possuem seus próprios valores de normalidade para o eletrorretinograma de campo total. Isto prejudica a confiabilidade dos diagnósticos de diversas doenças que afetam as vias visuais. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer os valores normativos para o teste Eletrorretinograma de Campo Total para o Laboratório de Neurologia Tropical (LNT) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). Realizaram o eletrorretinograma 68 indivíduos saudáveis e sem queixas visuais divididos em três grupos de acordo com a faixa etária: 36 indivíduos pertenceram ao grupo 1 (entre 17 e 30 anos), 21 indivíduos ao grupo 2 (entre 31 e 45 anos) e 11 indivíduos ao grupo 3 (entre 46 e 60 anos). O protocolo de realização do teste seguiu as recomendações da ISCEV, com a utilização de seis tipos de estimulação. Quatro após adaptação escotópica e estimulação com intensidades de: 0,01 cd.s/m2 (resposta de bastonetes), 3,0 cd.s/m2 (resposta mista de cones e bastonetes e potenciais oscilatórios) e 10,0 cd.s/m2 (resposta mista adicional). Dois após adaptação fotópica em fundo de 30 cd/m2: 3,0 cd.s/m2 (resposta de cones e Flicker 30Hz). Para a análise dos resultados foram calculados os valores de amplitude e tempo implícito das ondas a e b obtidas em resposta a cada um dos seis tipos de estimulação utilizados. Estes valores foram descritos estatisticamente através da mediana, intervalos de confiança, 1º e 3º quartis, coeficiente de variação, média, desvio padrão e valores mínimos e máximos. Os grupos de maior faixa etária apresentaram menores valores de amplitude e atraso no tempo implícito. A utilização da transformada wavelet permitiu a melhor visualização das ondas sem alteração de amplitude e tempo implícito. Portanto, os valores normativos obtidos podem servir como parâmetros de normalidade confiáveis para auxiliar o diagnóstico de doenças retinianas
Propriedades espaciais das respostas isoladas de cones L e M ao eletrorretinograma: implicações sobre a atividade das vias visuais paralelas
Get PDFWe studied the spatial arrangement of L- and M-cone driven electroretinograms (ERGs) reflecting the activity of magno- and parvocellular pathways. L- and M-cone isolating sine wave stimuli were created with a four primary LED stimulator using triple silent substitution paradigms. Temporal frequencies were 8 and 12 Hz, to reflect cone opponent activity, and 30, 36 and 48 Hz to reflect luminance activity. The responses were measured for full-field stimuli and for different circular and annular stimuli. The ERG data confirm the presence of two different mechanisms at intermediate and high temporal frequencies. The responses measured at high temporal frequencies strongly depended upon spatial stimulus configuration. In the full-field conditions, the L-cone driven responses were substantially larger than the full-field M-cone driven responses and also than the L-cone driven responses with smaller stimuli. The M-cone driven responses at full-field and with 70° diameter stimuli displayed similar amplitudes. The L- and M-cone driven responses measured at 8 and 12 Hz were of similar amplitude and approximately in counter-phase. The amplitudes were constant for most stimulus configurations. The results indicate that, when the ERG reflects luminance activity, it is positively correlated with stimulus size. Beyond 35° retinal eccentricity, the retina mainly contains L-cones. Small stimuli are sufficient to obtain maximal ERGs at low temporal frequencies where the ERGs are also sensitive to cone-opponent processing.CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFoi estudada a organização espacial dos sinais de cones L e M ao eletrorretinograma (ERG), refletindo a atividade das vias pós-receptorais magno e parvocelular. Para tal, foram criados estímulos senoidais que isolavam as respostas de cones L e M e que eram emitidos por um estimulador que utilizava quatro primárias de LED, permitindo que fosse aplicado o paradigma da tripla substituição silenciosa. As frequências temporais utilizadas foram de 8 e 12 Hz, para refletir a atividade de oponência de cones, e 30, 36 e 48 Hz para refletir a atividade de luminância. As respostas de eletrorretinograma foram registradas com estímulos que alcançavam todo o campo visual (campo total) e por estímulos que variavam em configuração espacial, entre estímulos circulares e anelares com diâmetros diferentes. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a presença de dois mecanismos de resposta diferentes a estímulos com frequências temporais intermediárias e altas. As respostas de ERG medidas em frequências temporais altas dependeram fortemente da configuração espacial de estimulação. Nas condições registradas com campo total (Full-field electroretinogram, FF), as respostas de cones L foram substancialmente maiores do que as respostas de cones M na mesma condição, e do que as respostas de cones L a estímulos menores. Já as respostas de cones M aos estímulos com campo total e com diâmetro de 70º, apresentaram valores de amplitude similares. As respostas de cones L e M medidos com frequências temporais de 8 e 12 Hz, apresentaram amplitudes similares, e estavam aproximadamente em contra-fase. As amplitudes foram constantes para a maioria das configurações de estimulação. Os resultados indicaram que, quando as respostas de ERG refletem a atividade de luminância, elas estão correlacionadas positivamente com o tamanho do estímulo. Além de 35º de excentricidade retiniana, a retina contém principalmente cones L. Estímulos pequenos são suficientes para obter respostas máximas de ERG em frequências temporais intermediárias, onde o ERG é sensível também ao processamento de oponência de cones
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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