1,720,963 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Gasoline – fuel for transportation and elections
Get PDFA urgência global na mitigação das mudanças climáticas impõe a descarbonização do setor de transportes, um dos maiores emissores de gases de efeito estufa (GEE). No Brasil, onde a matriz de transportes é predominantemente rodoviária, as flutuações no preço da gasolina assumem um papel central, não apenas como um instrumento de política ambiental e de mobilidade, mas também como uma ferramenta de economia política. Esta tese se propõe a analisar, por meio de dois ensaios empíricos distintos, os impactos causais e eleitorais das variações no preço da gasolina em contextos brasileiros. O objetivo geral é compreender como as oscilações de preço influenciam as decisões de mobilidade urbana e, adicionalmente, se tais variações podem ser instrumentalizadas para influenciar resultados eleitorais. O Ensaio 1 investigou o efeito causal do aumento no preço da gasolina sobre a demanda por sistemas de bicicletas compartilhadas (bikesharing) em cinco cidades brasileiras (Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, São Paulo e Vila Velha) entre janeiro de 2018 e dezembro de 2019. Para identificar o efeito causal e contornar a endogeneidade, empregou-se um modelo de Variáveis Instrumentais (VI) com dados em painel e Efeitos Fixos de cidade, utilizando o preço internacional do petróleo como instrumento para a variação exógena do preço doméstico da gasolina. Os resultados demonstraram uma relação elástica e estatisticamente significativa: um aumento de 1% no preço da gasolina causa um incremento de 2,81% na duração do uso de bicicletas compartilhadas. Este achado confirma que a energia humana funciona como um substituto viável para os combustíveis fósseis para este subgrupo de usuários (Efeito Médio Local do Tratamento – LATE), sugerindo que a demanda por bikesharing no Brasil é mais elástica ao preço da gasolina do que em estudos internacionais similares. O Ensaio 2 avaliou os efeitos eleitorais da redução do Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Prestação de Serviços (ICMS) sobre a gasolina, implementada pelas Leis Complementares no 192 e no 194 em 2022, às vésperas do pleito presidencial. O estudo utilizou dados desagregados por seção eleitoral (437.054 observações), estimando um modelo de Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO) com Efeitos Fixos de estado. A variável de interesse foi a variação percentual da alíquota estadual de ICMS, considerada exógena devido à imposição do teto tributário federal. Os resultados indicaram uma associação positiva e consistente entre a redução do ICMS e o desempenho eleitoral do incumbente. O efeito foi mais significativo no primeiro turno, onde um aumento de 1% na redução do ICMS esteve associado a um aumento de 0,053% na razão de votos do candidato à reeleição em relação ao principal opositor. Este efeito foi mais forte em municípios de alta competição eleitoral, reforçando a lógica do voto econômico retrospectivo. Contudo, o efeito desapareceu no segundo turno em áreas competitivas, sugerindo a sobreposição de fatores nacionais e polarização. Em conclusão, a tese demonstra que as decisões sobre preços de combustíveis possuem repercussões profundas e multifacetadas na sociedade brasileira. No âmbito da sustentabilidade, o aumento do custo da gasolina estimula a substituição intermodal, reforçando a necessidade de políticas de preço alinhadas a investimentos em infraestrutura de transporte limpo. No campo da economia política, a constatação de que subsídios aos combustíveis se traduzem em ganhos eleitorais expõe uma vulnerabilidade institucional. A pesquisa conclui pela necessidade de aperfeiçoar a legislação eleitoral e desenvolver mecanismos de governança mais robustos para coibir o uso da política de preços de energia para fins puramente eleitorais, garantindo que as decisões sejam pautadas por critérios técnicos de longo prazo e sustentabilidade. Palavras-chave: Preço da Gasolina; Bikesharing; Mobilidade Urbana; Elasticidade de Demanda; Efeitos Eleitorais; Economia Política; SubsídiosThe global urgency in climate change mitigation necessitates the decarbonization of the transport sector, one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases (GHG). In Brazil, where the transport matrix is predominantly road-based, fluctuations in gasoline prices play a central role, not only as an instrument of environmental and mobility policy but also as a tool of political economy. This thesis proposes to analyze, through two distinct empirical essays, the causal and electoral impacts of gasoline price variations in Brazilian contexts. The general objective is to understand how price oscillations influence urban mobility decisions and, additionally, whether such variations can be instrumentalized to influence electoral outcomes. Essay 1 investigated the causal effect of an increase in the gasoline price on the demand for shared bicycle systems (bikesharing) across five Brazilian cities (Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, São Paulo, and Vila Velha) between January 2018 and December 2019. To identify the causal effect and circumvent endogeneity, an Instrumental Variables (IV) model with panel data and city Fixed Effects was employed, using the international price of oil as an instrument for the exogenous variation in the domestic gasoline price. Results demonstrated an elastic and statistically significant relationship: a 1% increase in the gasoline price causes a 2.81% increment in the duration of shared bicycle use. This finding confirms that human energy functions as a viable substitute for fossil fuels for this user subgroup (Local Average Treatment Effect – LATE), suggesting that bikesharing demand in Brazil is more elastic to the gasoline price than in similar international studies. Essay 2 evaluated the electoral effects of the reduction in the Tax on the Circulation of Goods and Services (ICMS) on gasoline, implemented by Complementary Laws No. 192 and No. 194 in 2022, on the eve of the presidential election. The study utilized disaggregated data by polling section (437,054 observations), estimating an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model with state Fixed Effects. The variable of interest was the percentage change in the state ICMS rate, considered exogenous due to the imposition of a federal tax ceiling. The results indicated a positive and consistent association between the ICMS reduction and the incumbent's electoral performance. The effect was most significant in the first round, where a 1% increase in the ICMS reduction was associated with a 0.053% increase in the incumbent candidate's vote ratio relative to the main opposition. This effect was stronger in municipalities with high electoral competition, reinforcing the logic of retrospective economic voting. However, the effect disappeared in the second round in competitive areas, suggesting the overlay of national factors and polarization. In conclusion, the thesis demonstrates that decisions on fuel prices have deep and multifaceted repercussions on Brazilian society. In the scope of sustainability, the increasing cost of gasoline stimulates intermodal substitution, reinforcing the need for pricing policies aligned with investments in clean transport infrastructure. In the field of political economy, the finding that fuel subsidies translate into electoral gains exposes an institutional vulnerability. The research concludes by stressing the need to improve electoral legislation and develop more robust governance mechanisms to curb the use of energy pricing policy for purely electoral purposes, ensuring that decisions are guided by long-term technical and sustainability criteria. Keywords: Gasoline Price; Bikesharing; Urban Mobility; Demand Elasticity; Electoral Effects; Political Economy; SubsidiesCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Market power in the automobile segment up to 1000 cc: an analysis from the new empirical industrial organization
No full textA indústria automobilística é de suma importância para a economia brasileira, representando quase 25% do PIB industrial e 5% do PIB total, com faturamento acima de US 100 billion per year. In the Brazilian automobile sectors, are stands out the cars with engine up to 1,000cc, which emerged in Brazil in the nineties, also known as "popular cars". However, the increasing participation of the popular cars sales was accompanied by real increases in their prices, while other categories have suffered real drops in them, so there is the possibility to be occurring anticompetitive markets. In addition to this, we observe that there is a large market concentration in few companies (Fiat, Ford, Chevrolet, Renault and Volkswagen) and, with respect to the models in the 2005-2010 market four models (Gol, Palio, Uno and Celta) account for, on average, almost 60% of the popular car sales. By this way, supported by the New Empirical Industrial Organization (New Empirical Industrial Organization - NEIO), this study aims to verify the existence and characterize the type of market power. For this, we use the approach Cotterill, Franklin and Ma (1996) to analyze the existence of market power and rank it from its origin in cooperative power (or collusion) and unilateral power. In order to calculate the direct and cross-price elasticities of popular cars (necessary for the CFM model) estimated the demand function of this asset. The functional form used in the estimated demand functions was the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS). The QUAIDS has the flexibility to model non-linear curves and Engel, while preference is derived from a structure. The direct price elasticities uncompensated calculated were as expected, indicating elastic responses to popular cars, so, the consumption of this segment reacts more than proportionally to the change in price. When the cross-price elasticities analyzed, it was noted that the segment can be separated into two markets where the Gol and the Palio race against each other, being considered as substitutes. As in parallel the Celta and Uno are also classified as substitute goods from one another. With respect to market power, divided between unilateral and cooperative, it can be said that the Gol earned greater power of unilateral market, followed by the Palio, Uno and Celta. In general, the power of unilateral market Gol, Palio, Uno and Celta occurs principally due to the introduction of product innovation, barriers to entry and classification of vehicle security. In addition, from the ratio of Chamberlin, the power of cooperation or collusion market, it was found that there are competition or rivalry between Gol and the Palio, and occurs cooperation from Celta models and Uno. Finally, the Gol is to be popular car model having the highest total degree of power or observed market. Then the Pálio has the second highest market power, and finally, the Uno and the Celta hold the lowest rates (C), so, lower market powers observable consecutively. Although the values found for the market power of the popular car segment are not as expressive (close to 1), confirms the existence of market power and show the importance of further studies to identify the loss wellness of society.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio
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