2,839 research outputs found
Aspects of the circulation in the Rockall Trough
No full textAn investigation is made of the circulation and structure of the water masses in the Rockall Trough in spring, combining the results of a recent synoptic survey (May 1998) with those from a high-resolution ocean circulation model. In the near-surface layer, saline flows are carried northwards by a "Shelf Edge Current" around the eastern slopes, possibly with some branching in the northern Trough. Fresher waters from the west inflow between 52 and 538N and partially mix with these saline flows in the southern Trough, so that waters of intermediate salinity are also swept northwards. In the southern approaches to the Trough, Labrador Sea Water (LSW) also flows strongly in from the west between 52 and 538N, and while much of this turns south, a proportion penetrates north to join a cyclonic gyre in the Trough extending to 56.58N. The northwestern limb of this gyre is fed by, and mixes with, more saline waters which result from overflows across the Wyville–Thomson Ridge. Furthermore, salinity and CFC data suggest episodic inflow of LSW into the central Trough. The circulation of the North East Atlantic Deep Water in the Trough follows a cyclonic pattern similar to, and lying below, that of the LSW. The Wyville–Thomson Ridge overflows in the model extend to higher densities than in the survey, are topographically steered southwestward down the Feni Ridge system, and eventually join a deep cyclonic circulation in the North East Atlantic basin. Overall, the model and the observations are in good agreement, particularly in the central Rockall Trough, and this has allowed conclusions to be drawn which are significantly more robust than those which would result from either the survey or the model alone. In particular, we have been able to infer cyclonic circulation pathways for the intermediate and deeper waters in the Rockall Trough for (we believe) the first time. The study has also contributed to an ongoing community effort to assess the realism of, and improve, our current generation of ocean circulation models
Recommended from our members
Letter from A.L. Monmerqué de Courmont.
No full textLetter from A.L. Monmerqué de Courmont, possibly Adélaïde Louise de Monmerqué (1767-1835) who had been married to Louis Marie Le Bas de Courmont (1741-1794), dated 10 pluvoise. It is not addressed but was presumably sent to Philippe-Antoine Merlin, as it comprises the verso of one of his requisitions from 1802. In this letter the author requests a day and an hour when she (or he) might meet with the recipient
S.L.I.M., a small linear interdependent model of eight EU-member states, the USA and Japan
No full textInternational Economics;EU
A Review of Some Updates in the 13th Edition of “Sears and Zemansky’s University Physics with Modern Physics” (Authors: Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman; contributing author, A. Lewis Ford; 2012)
No full textYoung, H.D.; and Freedman, R.A.; Ford, A.L. (contributing author). 2012. Sears and Zemansky’s University Physics with Modern Physics. 13th ed.Pearson Education, Inc., Addison-Wesley, San Francisco, CA, USA
Ripsch, Jacob (Death, 1885-03-28)
No full textAddress: Betts St. HospitalAge at death: 45 yrsPg 39/480/1885/MWS/Germany/Dr. A.L. Carrick/Schraffenberger/Walnut HillsOriginal record filed in drawer labeled 'RIEGER-RIS'
On the origin and pathway of the saline inflow to the Nordic Seas: insights from models
No full textThe behaviours of three high-resolution ocean circulation models of the North Atlantic, differing chiefly in their description of the vertical coordinate, are investigated in order to elucidate the routes and mechanisms by which saline water masses of southern origin provide inflows to the Nordic Seas. An existing hypothesis is that Mediterranean Overflow Water (MOW) is carried polewards in an eastern boundary undercurrent, and provides a deep source for these inflows. This study, however, provides an alternative view that the inflows are derived from shallow sources, and are comprised of water masses of western origin, carried by branches of the North Atlantic Current (NAC), and also more saline Eastern North Atlantic Water (ENAW), transported northwards from the Bay of Biscay region via a ‘Shelf Edge Current’ (SEC) flowing around the continental margins. In two of the models, the MOW flows northwards, but reaches only as far as the Porcupine Bank (53°N). In third model, the MOW also invades the Rockall Trough (extending to 60°N). However, none of the models allows the MOW to flow northwards into the Nordic Seas. Instead, they all support the hypothesis of there being shallow pathways, and that the saline inflows to the Nordic Seas result from NAC-derived and ENAW water masses, which meet and partially mix in the Rockall Trough. Volume and salinity transports into the southern Rockall Trough via the SEC are, in the various models, between 25 and 100% of those imported by the NAC, and are also a similarly significant proportion (20–75%) of the transports into the Nordic Seas. Moreover, the highest salinities are carried northwards by the SEC (these being between 0.13 and 0.19 psu more saline at the southern entrance to the Trough than those in the NAC-derived waters). This reveals for the first time the importance of the SEC in carrying saline water masses through the RockallTrough and into the Nordic Seas. Furthermore, the high salinities found on density surfaces appropriate to the MOW in the Nordic Seas are shown to result from the wintertime mixing of the saline near-surface waters advected northwards by the SEC/NAC system. Throughout, we have attempted to demonstrate the extent to which the models agree or disagree with interpretations derived from observations, so that the study also contributes to an ongoing community effort to assess the realism of our current generation of ocean models
"Reason's feminist disciples" : Cartesianismus und englische Frauen des 17. Jahrhunderts
No full textTwentieth-century scholars have thought little about the attractions of Descartes’ thinking. Especially in feminist theory, he has a bad press as the ‘instigator’ of the body-mind-split – seen as one of the theoretical bases for the subordination of women in Western culture. Seen from within seventeenth-century discourse it is the dictum that can be inferred from his writings that ‘the mind has no sex’ and which can be seen as an appeal to think about rational capacities in the utopian perspective of a gender neutral discourse. My work analyses this “face” of Cartesianism as it was adapted in favour of English seventeenth-century women. How were the specific tenets of Descartes’ philosophy employed on behalf of English women in the second half of the seventeenth century in England? My focus is on Descartes as a thinker, who – whatever his real or imagined intention might have been – provided women in seventeenth-century England with tools with which to change their status, in other words: with instruments of empowerment. So why were Descartes’ arguments so attractive for women? Descartes had argued for equal rational abilities among individuals in a gender neutral way. He had further critiqued generally accepted truth with his universal doubt. I believe this specific combination of ideas, affirming their rational capabilities, was seen by a number of women as an invitation to become involved in spheres of activity from which they were previously excluded. Moreover, a specific set of Descartes’ arguments provided a number of English women with a strategy to extend female agency. Not only did Descartes’ views legitimate female rationality, they also allowed an acknowledgement that this female intellect was equally connected to “truth” as that of their male contemporaries. As a consequence, women developed an increased self-esteem and inspiration to pursue their own independent study (and in some cases publishing). These ideas eventually helped to bring forward a demand for female education, as girls and women were still excluded from formal education in seventeenth-century England. My general thesis is that Cartesianism, as one of the earliest universalist theories on the nature of human reason, introduced new possibilities into the English debate over the nature and, hence, social position of women. It brought a radical twist to the already existing discussion on women by offering new critical tools which were taken up to argue on behalf of English women. In my work I examine the specific historical conditions of the reception of Descartes’ thought in England, the philosophical appeal of his ideas for women and analyse the writings of two English ‘disciples’ of Descartes: Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle and Mary Astell.Die Forschung des 20. Jahrhundert war kaum an der Attraktivität von Descartes’ Theorien interessiert. Vor allem in der ‚Feminist Theory’ hat René Descartes als Hervorbringer des Körper-Geist-Trennung eher eine „schlechte Presse“, da sie als eine der theoretischen Grundlagen der Unterdrückung der Frauen in der westlichen Kultur verstanden wird. Betrachtet man den Diskurs jedoch aus der Perspektive des 17. Jahrhunderts, tritt das Diktum „die Vernunft hat kein Geschlecht“ aus Descartes’ Schriften hervor, womit der Blick auf die Vernunft aus der utopischen Perspektive eines geschlechtsneutralen Diskurses möglich wird. Meine Arbeit analysiert genau dieses „Gesicht“ des Cartesianismus und dessen Form, wie es zugunsten englischer Frauen des 17. Jahrhunderts angewendet wurde. Aber wie genau sah diese Anwendung von Descartes’ Ideen in der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts aus? Mein Fokus liegt hier auf Descartes’ Philosophie – völlig unabhängig von einer möglichen oder tatsächlichen Intentionen Descartes’ – die englischen Frauen des 17. Jahrhunderts mit einem Ermächtigungs-Instrumentarium ausstattete, durch das sie ihren Status verändern konnten. Was genau war an Descartes’ Argumenten so attraktiv für Frauen? Descartes hatte argumentiert, dass jeder Mensch Vernunft besitzt und zwar in einer geschlechterneutralen Sprache. Er hatte außerdem die allgemein anerkannte Vorstellung von Wahrheit kritisiert durch seinen universellen Zweifel. Diese spezifische Kombination von Ideen ließ die Interpretation zu, dass auch Frauen Vernunft besitzen, was von vielen Frauen als Einladung verstanden wurde, an Bereichen teilzuhaben, von denen sie bisher ausgeschlossen wurden. Descartes’ Philosophie ermöglichte außerdem seinen englischen Zeitgenossinnen, eine Strategie zu entwickeln, durch die sie ihre weibliche Handlungsfähigkeit deutlich erweitern konnten. Seine Philosophie erlaubte nicht nur die Interpretation, dass auch Frauen vernunftbegabt sind, sondern legte auch nahe, dass diese Vernunft eine ähnlich direkte Anbindung zur „Wahrheit“ hat, wie die der männlichen Zeitgenossen. Aus dieser Vorstellung resultierte, dass Frauen ein Selbstwertgefühl entwickelten und Inspiration erfuhren und sich neuen Feldern und unabhängigen Studien widmeten (die sie teilweise auch publizierten). Diese Vorstellungen halfen schließlich die Forderung nach einer institutionalisierten Bildung von Mädchen und Frauen, die bis dahin immer noch von formaler Bildung im England des 17. Jahrhunderts ausgeschlossen waren, auf den Weg zu bringen. Meine These ist, dass der Cartesianismus als eine der ersten universalistischen Theorien zur Vernunft, neue Impulse in die englische Debatte über die Natur und gesellschaftlichen Stellung der Frau einbrachte. Hieraus ergab sich eine radikale Veränderung der bereits existierenden Debatte über die Frau, vor allem durch die Aufnahme der neu zu Verfügung stehenden kritischen Instrumentarien, die zugunsten englischer Frauen aufgenommen wurden. Ich untersuche in meiner Arbeit die spezifischen historischen Rezeptions-Bedingungen von Descartes’ Ideen in England, die philosophische Attraktion seiner Ideen für Frauen und analysiere die Werke von zwei englischen ‚Anhängerinnen’ von Descartes: Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle und Mary Astell
Absorption refrigeration machines: Theoretical and experimental assessment of the performance of aqua-ammonia absorption machines operated at marginal conditions, e.g. when powered by solar or waste heat. Development of a new type of absorber.
No full textMechanical, Maritime and Materials EngineeringMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Development of an advanced absorption heat transformer
No full textMechanical Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Thermal energy storage by means of an absorption cycle
No full textMechanical Maritime and Materials Engineerin
- …
