1,720,993 research outputs found
Nutrition
No full textEating and drinking are integral parts of human existence. An adequate intake of nutrients and water is required to maintain physiological function, to allow for growth and maintenance of tissues, and to provide energy to meet the demands of daily living. Although a biological necessity, eating and drinking have significance beyond the merely physiological, forming an important part of social and psychological well-being. In any society, food production and preparation are central activities; the preparation and consumption of food may take up several hours a day. Meals are used as a time for people to come together, food or drink may be offered to make a guest feel welcome, and formal meals may be a feature of family, religious or national ceremonies. The importance of the role of the nurse in ensuring nutritional needs are met is well recognised. Indeed, food and nutrition is one of the eight aspects of fundamental and essential care highlighted in Essence of Care (DH 2003a). the responsibilities of the nurse concerning nutritional care are extremely varied and range from preventing malnutrition to caring for the malnourished. For example, nurses may be involved in aspects of nutritional care relating to health education, particularly activities related to the rise in the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nurses may also be involved with the care of the individual receiving enteral or parenteral nutrition. Nurses now play a more minor role in the preparation and serving of food to individuals in there are than in previous years. Changes in food delivery and serving methods have acted to reduce the nursing input required at mealtimes. In many areas there is a necessary delegation of responsibility concerning mealtime care to qualified health care assistants or unqualified staff. However it must be remembered it is the qualified nurse who is responsible for ensuring the food is provided, as appropriate to the patient in their care; ‘Nurses have a clear responsibility for ensuring that the nutritional needs of patient are met’(United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting1 997).
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Strength of reinforced concrete pile caps
Full text linkDiscrepancies exist in the provisions for the design of reinforced concrete pile caps with regard to shear, between the two UK codes for structural concrete design, namely BS 8110 and BS 5400. These discrepancies have arisen in the historical development of the codes, and the implication is that one code is unsafe or the other is over-conservative. This paper summarises the current code requirements, the nature of the discrepancies, and the reasons why they have arisen. A review is given of the available experimental data on the strength of pile caps, and their usefulness in addressing the code discrepancies. Inadequacies in this experimental knowledge base, and the need for further research, are highlighted
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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