1,720,977 research outputs found
Computational Fluid Dynamic modelling of three-dimensional airflow over dune blowouts
No full textBlowout enlargement is primarily driven by aeolian transport, where high velocity winds entrain and remove sediment from the landform. However patterns of deflation in blowouts are poorly understood as near surface airflow in a blowout is complex. In this study three-dimensional airflow during a light (3.93 m/s) and moderate (8.98 m/s) onshore wind event was calculated using the two-equation Renormalized Group k-epilson airflow turbulence model, by the Computational Fluid Dynamics software OpenFOAM. The saucer blowout located on the coastal foredune in the Belmullet Peninsula, Western Ireland, measures 100 metres long, 60 metres wide and 13 metres deep. Results show that during both wind events flow separates and reverses as it enters the blowout over the foredune crest, as it reattaches it is steered, diverging from the centre of the blowout and before topographically accelerating over the rim crest. Flow which enters the throat of the blowout accelerates and remains directionally unchanged before accelerating up the deposition lobe slope, where flow at the crest was simulated as being 100% faster at the crest than velocity simulated on the beach. In lee of the blowout at the depositional lobe airflow decelerated and a large zone of flow separation and reversal was created. Whilst relative change of velocity and direction at 1 metre above the surface of the blowout displayed similar behaviour during both wind events, flow in the lee during the light wind event did not appear to fully reattach and recover to velocity levels on the beach
Spatial and temporal patterns of sediment activation depth on a high-energy microtidal beach
No full textSediment activation depth, by means of continuous temporal high-resolution sampling (Sediment Activity Meter – SAM) and tide-to-tide (DOD rods), field data were collected during six low tide conditions on a high-energy micro-tidal sandy beach. A large swell event also occurred during the experiment with offshore wave heights of 6 m. Waves at the intertidal zone reached heights of 0.30 m and periods 5 s during the pre- and post-storm scenarios; whereas waves heights of up to 0.60 m and periods of 6 s during the swell event. Sediment activation previous to the swell event reached values of 0.035 m, whilst during the storm increased to 0.24 m, and finally once the beach had recovered and the tidal range increased, the sediment-moving layer was 0.062 m in depth. The use of DOD rod data reveals a spatial gradient in sediment activation depth where the maximum activation depths are recorded at mean high water position at each high tide giving unimodal-like distribution of activity across the beach width. Use of the SAM method reveals a complex variability in beach surface position during each high-tide level. As the daily tidal range increased during the experiment, the location of the highest activation depth also advanced landward with this increase
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
High resolution measured and modelled three-dimensional airflow over a coastal bowl blowout
No full textBlowouts are common landforms found within coastal dunes. Their dynamics are primarily driven by aeolian transport caused by surface wind stress, though patterns of deflation and deposition within blowouts are poorly understood as near surface wind flow is complex. Three‐dimensional wind flows around blowouts have yet to be properly quantified, especially within zones of separation, re-attachment and acceleration. This has been largely due to inadequate measurement of airflow and a lack of suitable airflow models. With this in mind, we present results from a study that has quantified alongshore and oblique onshore wind flow dynamics over a bowl blowout on the Belmullet Peninsula, Ireland. Using ultrasonic three-dimensional anemometry (measuring at 50 Hz) and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modelling, we measure and model for the first time in 3D a detailed picture of the heterogeneity of wind flow over this type of terrain.During alongshore wind conditions, wind speeds within the deflation basin were retarded by 50% compared to the foredune zone and flow separation restricted to a small zone in lee of the windward rim. Wind was directed into the deflation basin through a gap in a western erosional wall, termed the blowout throat. In oblique onshore wind, airflow orientated with the blowout throat remained unchanged in direction and slowed by only 30% compared to wind speed on the foredune. In lee of the erosional wall adjacent to the blowout throat, small zones of flow separation occurred close to the erosional wall. In both cases, the highest variation in wind speed and direction occurred in zones of separation and attachment whilst flow increased in steadiness with height over the erosional walls. The results illustrate that wind is manipulated according to localised topography within the bowl blowout itself. Resulting zones of potential sediment transport (erosion and deposition) are spatially complex and alter with wind direction. The presence of a blowout throat has a significant influence on airflow patterns within a deflation basin. Modelled (CFD) and measured anemometer data demonstrated excellent comparisons for wind direction and speed, allowing much greater spatial measurement resolution than physical instrumentation. Simulated turbulence did not correlate well with measured data, highlighting the requirement for high frequency, three-dimensional anemometry in areas of complex flow
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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