657 research outputs found
Gene loss and lineage specific restriction-modification systems associated with niche differentiation in the Campylobacter jejuni Sequence Type 403 clonal complex
No full textCampylobacter jejuni is a highly diverse species of bacteria commonly associated with infectious intestinal disease of humans and zoonotic carriage in poultry, cattle, pigs, and other animals. The species contains a large number of distinct clonal complexes that vary from host generalist lineages commonly found in poultry, livestock, and human disease cases to host-adapted specialized lineages primarily associated with livestock or poultry. Here, we present novel data on the ST403 clonal complex of C. jejuni, a lineage that has not been reported in avian hosts. Our data show that the lineage exhibits a distinctive pattern of intralineage recombination that is accompanied by the presence of lineage-specific restriction-modification systems. Furthermore, we show that the ST403 complex has undergone gene decay at a number of loci. Our data provide a putative link between the lack of association with avian hosts of C. jejuni ST403 and both gene gain and gene loss through nonsense mutations in coding sequences of genes, resulting in pseudogene formation
Die Römische Republik /
No full textWer sich für antike Geschichte interessiert, greift zu dieser knappen und gut lesbaren Geschichte der Römischen Republik, geschrieben von einem der bekanntesten Althistoriker Deutschlands. Jochen Bleicken (1926-2005) führt den Leser von der Zeit der Etrusker bis zum Ende der Republik, das die Herrschaft Caesars besiegelte. Alle wichtigen Phasen der republikanischen Geschichte entfalten sich: die Ständekämpfe, Aufstieg Roms zur Weltherrschaft - und die zugehörigen ungeheuren kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen -, Ursachen und Beginn der inneren Krise seit den Gracchen, die Restauration unter Sulla und schließlich: die Auflösung der Republik und die Begründung der Monarchie. Aloys Winterling Jochen Bleicken, 1926-2005, war Professor für Alte Geschichte an der Universität Göttingen und u.a. Mitherausgeber von "Oldenbourg Grundriss der Geschichte" und der HISTORISCHEN ZEITSCHRIFT.Wer sich für antike Geschichte interessiert, greift zu dieser knappen und gut lesbaren Geschichte der Römischen Republik, geschrieben von einem der bekanntesten Althistoriker Deutschlands. Jochen Bleicken (1926-2005) führt den Leser von der Zeit der Etrusker bis zum Ende der Republik, das die Herrschaft Caesars besiegelte. Alle wichtigen Phasen der republikanischen Geschichte entfalten sich: die Ständekämpfe, Aufstieg Roms zur Weltherrschaft - und die zugehörigen ungeheuren kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen -, Ursachen und Beginn der inneren Krise seit den Gracchen, die Restauration unter Sulla und schließlich: die Auflösung der Republik und die Begründung der Monarchie. Aloys Winterling Jochen Bleicken, 1926-2005, war Professor für Alte Geschichte an der Universität Göttingen und u.a. Mitherausgeber von "Oldenbourg Grundriss der Geschichte" und der HISTORISCHEN ZEITSCHRIFT.Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web.Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 08. Jul 2019
Monitoring conflict risk: The contribution of globally used indicator systems
No full textThe Chapter deals with the contribution of globally used indicator systems, in particular governance, environmental and MDG indicators, to the measurement of the risk of violent conflict. The author argues that instead of specialising on conflict indicators in a narrow sense, one should rather go for a highly public and transparent broad indicator set along the lines of a Sustainable Development Index; the reason being that only a mainstream index can exert media pressure on political actors.JRC.DG.G.3 - Econometrics and applied statistic
EU-UN Cooperation for Sustainable Development
No full textSustainable Development has become a high-level objective for the European Union. This contribution explores the current sustainable development agendas in the international discourse, and discusses the role of the European Union as a “sustainable development player” at the United Nations. Priorities for sustainable development in the future are outlined, with particular emphasis on the role of the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development frameworks and their respective indicator sets.JRC.G.9 - Econometrics and statistical support to antifrau
Measuring European Environmental Policy Performance
No full textIn democratic societies, citizens have the right to know whether their elected representatives
address environmental problems successfully or not. Voters can judge their governments' economic
performance by looking at GDP growth and unemployment rates; equally simple measures for
environmental policies face a number of obstacles, inter alia: the complexity of the policy field
"environment", lack and quality of data, absence of scientific and political consensus on the relative
importance of sub-fields like climate change, waste, biodiversity etc., and the tendency of expert
communities to get lost in details rather than communicating the big picture. This paper will show
ways and define rules how to overcome these obstacles.JRC.G.1 - Scientific Support to Financial Analysi
On the art of aggregating "apples & oranges"
No full textThe Communication on Environmental Indicators and Green National Accounting (Com (94) 670 final, 21.12.94) laid the basis for indicator and accounting projects aimed to give comprehensive support to environmental policy, like GARP and GreenStamp. The article is intended to demonstrate: that indicators are a powerful driving force of many, if not most, political decisions; that bad indicators are thus a recipe for bad politics; how an indicator system that serves democratic decision-making should be designed. In particular, in order to avoid serious policy distortions, environmental policy needs a broad spectrum of indicators covering all relevant issues. Valuation projects that treat pollutants with sophisticated methodologies like Impact Pathway Analysis (GARP) or Avoidance Cost-based economic modelling (GreenStamp) face data availability problems which force them in practice to concentrate on selected pollutants, excluding all others; the result is policy distortion. The author proposes that valuation methodologies should focus on general patterns, like the dependence of Avoidance Costs from implementation speed, type of instruments, and level of analysis (i.e. company, sector, national economy, EU economy), instead of treating single pollutants with unnecessary precision while neglecting many others. Policy Performance Indices (PPI) may serve as an instrument to extend such general valuations to a broad range of pollutants and policy questions, using numéraires plus relative weighting as the basis for valuations
Essentials of services marketing / Jochen Wirtz, Christopher Lovelock.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and indexes.(xxxii, 670 pages) :Essentials of Services Marketing, 3e, is meant for courses directed at undergraduate and polytechnic students, especially those heading for a career in the service sector, whether at the executive or management level. It delivers streamlined coverage of services marketing topics with an exciting global outlook with visual learning aids and clear language. It has been designed so that instructors can make selective use of chapters and cases to teach courses of different lengths and formats in either services marketing or services management
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