446 research outputs found
Climacteric fruit ripening: Ethylene-dependent and independent regulation of ripening pathways in melon fruit
No full textCantaloupe melons have a typical climacteric behaviour with ethylene playing a major role in the regulation of the ripening process and affecting the ripening rate. Crossing of Cantaloupe Charentais melon with a non-climacteric melon indicated that the climacteric character is genetically dominant and conferred by two duplicated loci only. However, other experiments made by crossing two non-climacteric melons have generated climacteric fruit, indicating that different and complex genetic regulation exists for the climacteric character. Suppression of ethylene production by antisense ACC oxidase RNA in Charentais melon has shown that, while many ripening pathways were regulated by ethylene (synthesis of aroma volatiles, respiratory climacteric and degreening of the rind), some were ethylene-independent (initiation of climacteric, sugar accumulation, loss of acidity and coloration of the pulp). Softening of the flesh comprised both ethylene-dependent and independent components that were correlated with differential regulation of cell wall degrading genes. These results indicate that climacteric (ethylene-dependent) and non-climacteric (ethylene-independent) regulation coexist during climacteric fruit ripening. In addition, ethylenesuppressed melons allowed demonstrating that the various ethylene-dependent events exhibited differential sensitivity to ethylene and that ethylene was promoting sensitivity to chilling injury. Throughout this review, the data generated with melon are compared with those obtained with tomato and other fruit
Making the surface of fleshy fruit: biosynthesis, assembly and role of the cuticular layer
No full textIndigenous Lands in a Developing Region: A Historical Ethnogeography of the Pech Indians of Eastern Honduras, With Emphasis on Recent Settlement and Land Use Changes.
No full textSince before Spanish Contact, the Pech Indians have occupied a large portion of northeastern Honduras. Like other native American populations, they have suffered significant territorial reductions and cultural alterations at the hands of European colonists and modern ladino immigrants. Utilizing the methodologies of cultural geography, ethnohistory, and ethnogeography, the Pech, formerly known as the Paya, are scrutinized to illustrate the process by which indigenous peoples are reduced and incorporated into a developing national setting. Part One examines the scholarly record on the ethnohistory of the Pech and their neighbors to delimit their habitats and to document Pech incorporation into the Spanish colonial realm. Part Two describes their post-Independence settlement and land use patterns, and explains the most recent changes. The pivotal role of Padre Manuel Subirana in establishing the original Pech land grants is highlighted, and early Honduran censuses and travelers\u27 accounts by Karl Sapper and Eduard Conzemius are employed to reconstruct settlement locations. From fieldwork in 1991-2, the author identified the Pech\u27 current three-fold use and characterization of the local habitat: montana, serrania, and vega. The eastward expansion of Honduran (ladino) population and the accompanying economic activities that forged into the Pech lands of eastern Olancho during the last three decades is proposed as the mechanism that recently altered the settlement and land tenure of the Pech. National and local migration studies, mapped intensively, indicate clearly the movement of the ladino frontier eastward to overwhelm the lands of the Pech. Road improvements triggered alterations of Pech lands and their attempts to reconstruct their land tenure system. Today, of the approximately 1,900 Pech, about 90 percent occupy a much-reduced bi-nodal core region in two upland valleys in the municipios of Dulce Nombre de Culmi and San Esteban. eastern Olancho. A few Pech also live in outlier lowland aseas at Silin (near Trujillo) and at Las Marias on the Rio Platano
A comparison of Landau-Ginzburg models for odd-dimensional Quadrics
No full textIn [Rie08], the second author defined a Landau-Ginzburg model for homogeneous spaces G/P, as a regular function on an affine subvariety of the Langlands dual group. In this paper, we reformulate this LG model (X^, W_t) in the case of the odd-dimensional quadric, as a rational function on a Langlands dual projective space, in the spirit of work by R. Marsh and the second author for type A Grassmannians and by both authors for Lagrangian Grassmannians. We also compare this LG model with the one obtained independently by Gorbounov and Smirnov, and we use this comparison to deduce part of a conjecture of the second author for odd-dimensional quadrics
Ethylene and flower development in tobacco plants
No full textBiology and Biotechnology of the Plant Hormone Ethylene IIEditors: Kanellis, A.K., Chang, C., Klee, H., Bleecker, A.B., Pech, J.C., Grierson, D. (Eds.)</p
To Seize the Masses. Philosophy, Ideology and Propaganda by Karl Marx
No full textTitle: "To Seize the Masses". Philosophy, ideology and propaganda by Karl Marx Author: Robin Pech Department: Ústav filosofie a religionistiky Supervisor: Mgr. Petr Kouba, Ph.D. Abstract: The aim of the diploma thesis is to thematize and clarify the interdependence of philosophy, ideology and propaganda by Karl Marx. The realization of philosophy, according to Marx, is a critique of modern society. The aim of this critique, however, is not only the understanding and interpretation of social relations but, above all, their change. For these purposes, Marx has developed his philosophy of history. On this basis is explained the nature of modern society and formulated the political programme of its transformation. That is further publicly promoted to ensure adequate - mass - support for the revolution. Thus, arises remarkable combination of philosophy, political ideology and propaganda, which seems to be an integral part of Marx's thought and his literary work and therefore, also a serious problem of his interpretation. Keywords: Marx, Philosophy, Ideology, Prapagand
Na tropie szamanizmu w paleolicie – na przykładzie jaskiń Cougnac i Pech-Merle .
No full textThe author of this thesis searches for traces of shamanism in paleolithic period through identification of signs and anthropomorphic resemblances that can have a connection with different stages of trance and shamanistic visions. For this article, Pech-Merle and Cougnac cave were chosen. Chronological range in this paper covers a period when Gravettian and Magdalenian cultures functioned. In order to carry out the above assumptions, the author used the results of structuralist research- search- ing for deep meaning and symbols, neuropsychological research – influence of altered states of con- sciousness on human and role of rites in simple societies, ethnographic research- different types of shamanic vocation and visions of shamanistic cosmology as well as interpretation of paintings and engravings based on the above mentioned scientific instruments. In the conclusion, the author shows that magical and religious practices similar to shamanism could function in paleolithic hunter-gatherer societies.The author of this thesis searches for traces of shamanism in paleolithic period through identification of signs and anthropomorphic resemblances that can have a connection with different stages of trance and shamanistic visions. For this article, Pech-Merle and Cougnac cave were chosen. Chronological range in this paper covers a period when Gravettian and Magdalenian cultures functioned. In order to carry out the above assumptions, the author used the results of structuralist research- search- ing for deep meaning and symbols, neuropsychological research – influence of altered states of con- sciousness on human and role of rites in simple societies, ethnographic research- different types of shamanic vocation and visions of shamanistic cosmology as well as interpretation of paintings and engravings based on the above mentioned scientific instruments. In the conclusion, the author shows that magical and religious practices similar to shamanism could function in paleolithic hunter-gatherer societies
Josef Max a Czech Sculpture during the 2nd third of 19th Century.
No full textBibliographic Citation Josef Max and Czech Sculpture in the Second Third of the 19th Century [manuscript]: Bachelor's Thesis / Adam Hnojil; Thesis supervisor: PhDr. Milan Pech, Ph.D. Prague, 2016, 225 p. Anotation This monographic study aims to describe and interpret the sculpture work of the leading Czech artist from the second third of the 19th century. The thesis is focused on his life and work in the context of the late neoclassicism and romantic historicism. In the first part the author is analyzed within the framework of the Czech art history. Follows the discussion of the stylistic ambiguities of the artistic pluralism of the 19th century, which is causing problems with clear definition of styles up to these days. The very core of the work lies in a biographical study reflecting the life of the North Bohemian native and his most important works, among which the most prominent are the memorial sculptures in the Czech lands and abroad. The extensive catalogue of works and illustrated appendix are enclosed. Keywords Josef Max, sculpture, neoclassicism, romantism, memorials, funerary sculpture, Academy, Prague
Numerické modelování nestabilit při obtékání zahřívaných těles
No full textNázev práce: Numerické modelování nestabilit při obtékání zahřívaných těles Autor: Jan Pech Katedra: Matematický ústav UK Vedoucí disertační práce: prof. Ing. František Maršík, DrSc., Matematický ústav UK Abstrakt: Práce přináší nové výsledky z oboru numerických výpočtů proudění ovlivněného změnami teploty. Navržený výpočetní algoritmus zohledňuje proměn- né koeficienty v diferenciálních operátorech systému nestlačitelných Navier-Stokes- ových rovnic s rovnicí teploty. Prostorová diskretizace problému cílí na uplatnění metod vysokého řádu, metody spektrálních elementů. Jevy spojené s aproximace- mi vysokého řádu jsou diskutovány na řadě příkladů a srovnání s více rozšířenými metodami nižšího řádu. Výsledků bylo dosaženo pro 2 tekutiny s odlišnou teplotní odezvou, vzduch a vodu. Sledovaným parametrem proudění je zejména frekvence odtrhávání vírů, Strouhalovo číslo, v závislosti na teplotě a rychlosti proudění. Vypočtené hodnoty byly porovnány s výsledky experimentů a vykazují dobrou shodu. Numerická analýza závislosti úhlu odtržení proudu při obtékání rotačního válce na teplotě, může dát nový podnět k ověření přesnosti a spolehlivosti vypra- cované metody. Klíčová...Title: Numerical modeling of unstable fluid flow past heated bodies Author: Jan Pech Department: Mathematical Institute of Charles University Supervisor: prof. Ing. František Maršík, DrSc., Mathematical Institute of Charles University Abstract: Presented work brings new results to numerical computations of flow influenced by temperature changes. Constructed numerical algorithm takes into account variable coefficients of the differential operators in the system of in- compressible Navier-Stokes equations coupled with thermal heat equation. The spatial discretisation of the problem targets to application of high order method, the spectral element method. Phenomenons connected with high order approxi- mations are discussed on a number of examples and comparisons with methods of lower order, which are more common. Results were achieved for two fluids with opposite response to heating, air and water. The observed quantity is par- ticularly a frequency of vortex shedding, the Strouhal number, as dependent on temperature and Reynolds number. The calculated values were compared with experimental results and exhibit a good coincidence. Numerical analysis of sep- aration angle in flow around heated circular cylinder may give a new impulse to verification of accuracy and reliability of the developed method. Keywords:...Katedra geofyzikyDepartment of GeophysicsFaculty of Mathematics and PhysicsMatematicko-fyzikální fakult
Gammaropsis elvirae Paz-Ríos & Pech 2019, sp. nov.
No full textGammaropsis elvirae sp. nov. (Figs 1–6) ? Gammaropsis sp. A LeCroy, 2000: 138, fig. 179. Gammaropsis sp. B LeCroy, 2000: 139, fig. 180. ―in Paz-Ríos & Ardisson, 2013: 153. Holotype. Male (dissected and drawn), 4.2 mm, northern Yucatan shelf, Yucatan, Mexico, 21.9335°N, 86.9833°W, 25 m, 29 August 2016, coll. A. León-Hernández, ECOSUR0200. Paratypes. Gravid female (dissected and drawn), 4.9 mm, northern Yucatan shelf, Yucatan, Mexico, 21.4668°N, 91.3835°W, 44 m, 7 September 2016, coll. S. Balam-Zetina, ECOSUR0201; two males and two females (one male dissected and drawn, 3 mm), northern Yucatan shelf, Yucatan, Mexico, 21.8833°N, 89.6336°W, 42 m, 31 August 2016, coll. A. León-Hernández, ECOSUR0202; two males (one male dissected and drawn, 3 mm), northern Yucatan shelf, Yucatan, Mexico, 20.7770°N, 90.9584°W, 22 m, 2 December 2012, coll. A. León- Hernández, ECOSUR0203. Type locality. Northern Yucatan Shelf, Yucatan, Mexico, 21.9335°N, 86.9833°W. Etymology. The new species is named after Elvira Maldonado, the beloved wife of the first author, for her unconditional support and passion for marine life. Diagnosis. Lateral cephalic lobes rounded. Article 2 of mandibular palp longer than article 3. Outer lobes of lower lip with one cone on each lobe. Coxae 2–4 subrectangular, slightly broader than long. Gnathopod 1 propodus longer than carpus. Gnathopod 2, basis, carpus and propodus with a dense marginal fringe of long setae; propodus enlarged with small convoluted processes on posterior margin; palmar margin weakly sinuous, and palmar angle undefined; dactylus short, less than one half in length of propodus, with setae on anterior margin. Epimera 1–3 rounded. Uropods 1–3, inner ramus longer than outer ramus. Telson emarginated. . Description. Based on holotype male, 4.2 mm, ECOSUR0200. Head with lateral cephalic lobes rounded and strongly produced, subocular cephalic margin strongly recessed, extending behind posterior margin of eye. Eyes ovate. Antennae missing. Upper lip with a small apical notch, pubescent apically. Lower lip inner and outer lobe pubescent apically; outer lobes with one cone on each lobe, inner margin with robust setae and mandibular process well developed with lobes apically acute. Mandible incisor well developed, six-dentate; molar triturative with a short plumose seta; four-toothed lacinia mobilis; accessory setal row with eight dentate setae; palp article 2 longest and setose; palp article 3 spatulate, heavily setose apically, without an apical notch. Maxilla 1 inner plate with apex acute bearing three subapically long slender setae; outer plate with ten serrate robust setae; palp two-articulated, apical part of palp article 2 with five robust and three slender setae subapically. Maxilla 2 inner plate smaller than outer, with a marginal row of long slender setae and an oblique row of setae on the surface; outer plate rounded apically and subapically, with slender setae and lateral margin with pubescence. Maxilliped inner plate with three apical robust setae and an oblique row of plumose setae on surface reaching the apex, outer margin with distal corner bearing one robust setae; outer plate not reaching end of article 2 on palp, with six distal robust setae and three apical plumose setae, outer margin with distal corner bearing one robust setae; palp four-articulate, article 2 longest bearing long slender setae, article 3 with four subapical plumose setae on inner margin, article 4 with one apical serrate seta. Coxal plate 1 subquadrate; plate 2 subrectangular, about 1.6 times broader than long; plates 3–4 subrectangular, about 1.2 times broader than long; plates 5–6 bilobate, anterior lobe rounded, larger than posterior lobe, expanded distally and bearing several long slender setae; plate 7 subovate with setae on anterior and posterior margins. Gnathopod 1 subchelate, slightly smaller than gnathopod 2; basis with setae on anterior margin; carpus and propodus setose on inner lateral surface; propodus broadly subovate with four robust setae on posterior margin (three robust setae on right propodus, not illustrated) and small processes on posterodistal margin; dactylus falcate, slightly more than two thirds in length of propodus, anterior margin with four setae. Gnathopod 2 subchelate, basis, carpus and propodus with a dense marginal fringe of long setae; propodus enlarged with two small convoluted processes on posterior margin, palmar margin weakly sinuous, with palmar angle undefined; dactylus falcate, less than one half in length of propodus, anterior margin with five setae. Pereopods 3–4 similar in shape, slender; basis linear; carpus subequal in length and width to merus; propodus longer than carpus. Pereopods 5–7 basis slightly expanded, distinctly longer than broad with an anterior marginal row of robust setae; anterodistal and posterodistal corner of basis, merus, carpus, and propodus defined by one or two robust setae; propodus longer than carpus; dactylus bearing a proximal plumose seta. Epimeral plates 1–3 rounded on the posteroventral corner. Urosomites 1–2 smooth dorsolaterally. Uropod 1 peduncle subrectangular, subequal in length to rami, with four and five robust setae on inner and outer margin, respectively, inter-ramal process well developed; both rami linear and slender with a group of four robust setae on apex, inner ramus slightly longer than outer ramus (more notorious on right ramus, not illustrated). Uropod 2 peduncle shorter than both rami in length, with distal and subdistal robust setae dorsolaterally and a ventral row of three robust setae; both rami linear and slender with a group of four robust setae on the apex, inner ramus longer than outer ramus. Uropod 3 peduncle shorter than both rami in length, with one distal robust setae dorsolaterally; both rami with slender and robust setae on apex; inner ramus longer than outer ramus. Telson emarginate, with the apex of each side bearing three robust setae and one slender setae. Female (sexually dimorphic characters). Based on paratype female, 4.9 mm, ECOSUR0201. Gnathopod 1 basis strongly narrowing proximally, with short slender setae on anterior and posterior margin; carpus enlarged, subequal in length to propodus; propodus elongate, with three robust setae on ventral margin (two in left gnathopod 1, not illustrated) increasing in size distally, ventrodistal margin evenly rounded and minutely serrate; dactylus falcate, inner margin serrate with 4–5 posterior teeth, outer margin with three slender setae. Gnathopod 2 similar in shape to gnathopod 1; long oostegites, narrow with long marginal setae; propodus with two robust setae on ventral margin and small processes on ventrodistal margin, located at dactylus hinge. Remarks. Variations from holotype male were observed on a paratype male (ECOSUR0202) with gnathopod 1 propodus (not illustrated) bearing 2–3 robust setae on posterior margin (instead 3–4), a distal palmar margin of gnathopod 2 propodus (illustrated) with small convoluted processes (instead weakly sinuous), and outer margin of gnathopod 2 dactylus with six setae (instead five); on another paratype male (ECOSUR0203) bearing two robust setae on posterior margin of gnathopod 2 propodus (illustrated). Gammaropsis elvirae sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other congeners by the unique combination of characteristics such as the lateral cephalic lobes rounded, outer lobes of lower lip with one cone on each lobe, gnathopod 2 propodus enlarged with small convoluted processes on posterior margin and palmar angle undefined, a dense setation on basis, carpus, and propodus of gnathopod 2, epimeral plates 1–3 rounded, inner ramus longer than outer ramus on uropods 1–3, and telson emarginated. The dense setation on gnathopod 2 is a remarkable characteristic presents in other congeners as G. arawakia, G. setifera (Schellenberg, 1938), G. shoemakeri, G. thompsoni, G. tonichi, and G. tawahi Barnard, 1972, but, G. elvirae sp. nov. is differentiated from all these species (except from G. setifera) by the following characteristics (but not limited to these): lateral cephalic lobes rounded (acute on those species) and epimeral plate 1–3 rounded (notched or toothed on those species). It differs from G. setifera by palm gnathopod 1–2 evenly round (convex, defined by a middle tooth on G. setifera); rami uropod 3 longer than peduncle (rami subequal in length to peduncle on G. setifera); telson emarginated (entire and triangularly hollow posteromedially on G. setifera). The new species resembles G. dubia in the head recession; lateral cephalic lobes rounded; shape of female gnathopods 1–2; epimera 1–3 rounded; uropod 3, inner ramus longer than outer ramus, but it is differentiated by inner plate on maxilla 1 with apex acute (rounded on G. dubia); carpus gnathopod 1 shorther than propodus (carpus subequal than propodus on G. dubia); propodus gnathopod 2 slightly larger than gnathopod 1 and dactylus short (both propodus and dactylus gnathopod 2 greatly enlarged on G. dubia), telson emarginated (telson entire on G. dubia). The presence of robust setae on posterior margin of gnathopod 2 propodus is a shared feature with juvenile males of Gammaropsis dentata Chevreux, 1900 (a very different species to G. elvirae sp. nov.), however, this feature disappears on the adult stage. The loss of robust setae due a morphological variation in the propodus of gnathopod 2 in males during its development is a signal of an ontogenetic change from juvenile to adult. The new species shows a close similarity with a generic species (Gammaropsis sp. A) identified by LeCroy (2000) from southern Florida, but, is distinguished by the relatively elongated article 2 of mandibular palp (relatively stout in Gammaropsis sp. A), propodus longer than carpus in peraeopods 3–4 (subequal to carpus in Gammaropsis sp. A), and presence of small convoluted processes on posterior margin of gnathopod 2 propodus (processes absent in Gammaropsis sp. A). Regarding this last characteristic, LeCroy (2000) suggested that probably the gnathopod 2 illustrated for males of Gammaropsis sp. A is for younger specimens, that eventually, could be well developed with small convoluted processes on posterior margin, as in G. elvirae sp. nov.Published as part of Paz-Ríos, Carlos E. & Pech, Daniel, 2019, Gammaropsis elvirae sp. nov., a widely distributed amphipod (Amphipoda: Photidae) in the Yucatan Shelf, with ecological comments and a key for the genus in tropical America, pp. 359-371 in Zootaxa 4555 (3) on pages 360-365, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4555.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/262448
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